
Book <1^0 

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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 
U.S. BUREAU OF THE CENSUS 
W. M. STEUART, Director 



THE BLIND 
IN THE UNITED STATES 



1920 



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WASHINGTON 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 



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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 


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APR 251923 


DOCUMENTS u ..3ION 



CONTENTS. 



Page. 

Introduction 7 

Scope, method, and accuracy op the enumeration 7 

Statistics of the bund population enumerated 10 

Statistics op the blind population for whom special schedules were returned 10 

GENERAL TABLES. 
BLIND POPULATION ENUMERATED. 

Table 1. — Blind population enumerated, with the number per million general population, and the number and percentage return- 
ing special schedules, by divisions and states: 1920 and 1910 14 

Table 2. — Blind population enumerated, classified according to agency by which reported, with the number and percentage 

returning special schedules, by divisions and states: 1920 15 

Table 3. — Blind population enumerated, classified according to sex, color, and age, by divisions and states: 1920 16 

Table 4. — Blind population enumerated, classified according to race, age, and sex, for the United States: 1920 17 

BLIND POPULATION RETURNING SPECIAL SCHEDULES. 
SEX, RACE, NATIVITY, AGE, MARITAL CONDITION. 

Table 5. — Blind population for whom special schedules were returned, classified according to race, nativity, and sex, by divi- 
sions and states: 1920 18 

Table 6. — Blind population for whom special schedules were returned, classified according to age and sex, by divisions and 

states: 1920 19 

Table 7. — Blind population for whom special schedules were returned, classified according to race, nativity, and age, by 

divisions: 1920 22 

Table 8. — Blind population for whom special schedules were returned, classified according to race, nativity, age, and sex, for 

the United States: 1920 23 

Table 9. — Male and female blind population for whom special schedules were returned, classified according to marital condition, 

by divisions and states: 1920 24 

Table 10. — Male and female blind population for whom special schedules were returned, classified according to race, nativity, and 

marital condition, for the United States: 1920 25 

Table 11. — Male and female blind population 15 years of age or over for whom special schedules were returned, classified according to 

age at enumeration and marital condition, for the United States: 1920 25 

AGE WHEN VISION WAS LOST. 

Table 12. — Blind population for whom special schedules were returned, classified according to age when vision was lost, by divi- 
sions and states: 1920 26 

Table 13. — Blind population for whom special schedules were returned, classified according to age at enumeration and age when 

vision was lost, for the United States: 1920 27 

Table 14. — Blind population for whom special schedules were returned, classified according to race, nativity, 6ex, broad age groups, 

and age when vision was lost, for the United States: 1920 28 

Table 15. — Male and female blind population 15 years of age or over for whom special schedules were returned, classified 

according to age when vision was lost and marital condition, for the United States: 1920 29 

CAUSE OF BLINDNESS. 

Table 16. — Blind population for whom special schedules were returned, classified according to reported cause of blindness, by 

divisions and states: 1920 30 

Table 17. — Blind population for whom special schedules were returned, classified according to race, nativity, sex, and reported cause 

of blindness, for the United States: 1920 32 

Table 18. — Blind population for whom special schedules were returned, classified according to sex, age when vision was lost, and 

reported cause of blindness, for the United States: 1920 34 

HEREDITY AND BLINDNESS. 

Table 19. — Blind population for whom special schedules were returned, classified according to sex, and status as to vision of 

parents, brothers and sisters, and children, for the United States: 1920 46 

Table 20. — Blind population for whom special schedules were returned, classified according to sex, relationship of parents, and status 

of brothers, sisters, and children as to vision, for the United States: 1920 47 

Table 21. — Blind population for whom special schedules were returned, classified according to race, nativity, sex, relationship of 

parents, and status of parents as to vision, for the United States: 1920 50 

(3) 



4 CONTENTS. 

HEREDITY AND BLINDNESS— Continued. 

Page. 

Table 22. — Blind population for whom special schedules were returned, classified according to reported cause of blindness, rela- 
tionship of parents, and status of parents as to vision, for the United States: 1920 52 

Table 23. — Blind population for whom special schedules were returned, classified according to age when vision was lost, relationship 

of parents, and status of parents as to vision, for the United States: 1920 55 

Table 24. — Blind population for whom special schedules were returned, classified according to reported cause of blindness and status 

of brothers and sisters as to vision, for the United States: 1920 :,i; 

Table 25. — Blind population for whom special schedules were returned reporting children, classified according to reported cause 

of blindness and status of children as to vision, for the United States: 1920 57 

EDUCATION. 

Table 26. — Blind population 5 years of age or over for whom special schedules were returned, classified according to age at enu- 
meration and education, for the United States: 1920 ,:i 

Table 27. — Blind population 5 years of age or over for whom special schedules were returned, classified according to age when vision 

was lost and education, for the United States: 1920 59 

USE OF RAISED TYPE. 

Table 28. — Blind population 5 years of age or over for whom special schedules were returned, classified according to race, nativity, 

sex, education, and ability to read raised type, for the United States: 1920 GO 

Table 29. — Blind population 5 years of age or over for whom special schedules were returned, classified according to ability to read 

raised type, by divisions and states: 1920 04 

Table 30. — Blind population 5 years of age or over for whom special schedules were returned, classified according to race, nativity, 

sex, and ability to read raised type, for the United States: 1920 65 

Table 31. — Blind population 5 years of age or over for whom special schedules were returned, classified according to age at enu- 
meration and ability to read raised type, for the United States: 1920 65 

Table 32. — Blind population 5 years of age or over for whom special schedules were returned, classified according toage when vision 

was lost and ability to read raised type, for the United States: 1920 66 

ECONOMIC STATUS. 

Table 33. — Male and female blind population It) years of age or over for whom special schedules were returned, classified accord- 
ing to race, nativity, and occupation, for the United States: 1920 67 

Table 34. — Male blind population 10 years of age or over for whom special schedules were returned, classified according to age when 

vision was lost and occupation, for the United States: 1920 6* 

Table 35. — Female blind population 10 years of age or over for whom special schedules were returned, classified according to age 

when vision was lost and occupation, for the United States: 1920 69 

Table 36. — Blind population 10 years of age or over gainfully employed for whom special schedules were returned, classified 
according to sex, occupation, ability for self-support, dependence on occupation, and annual earnings, for the United 
States: 1920 70 

Table 37. — Blind population 10 years of age or over for whom special schedules were returned, classified according to sex, edu- 
cation, ability for self-support, dependence on occupation, and annual earnings, for the United States: 1920 72 

OCCUPATION BEFORE BLINDNESS. 

Table 38. — Male blind population 20 years of age or over and gainfully employed before vision was lost for whom special schedules 
were returned, classified according to occupation before blindness, and reported cause of blindness, for the United 
States : 1920. 74 

Table 39. — Female blind population 20 years of age or over and gainfully employed before vision was last for whom special schedules 
were returned, classified according to occupation before blindness, and reported cause of blindness, for the United 
States : 1920 SO 

Table 40. — Male and female blind population 20 years of age or over and gainfully employed before vision was lost for whom special 
schedules were returned, classified according to occupation before blindness, and age when vision was lo3t, for the 
United States: 1920 82 

STATE OR COUNTY AID. 

Table 41. — Blind population for whom special schedules were returned, reported as receiving state or county aid, classified accord- 
ing to sex, race, and nativity, by divisions and states: 1920 84 

Table 42. — Blind population for whom special schedules were returned, reported as receiving state or county aid, classified 

according to race, nativity, age, and sex, for the United States: 1920 85 

BLIND DEAF-MUTES. 
Table 43. — Blind deaf-mutes for whom special schedules were returned: 1920 86 

APPENDIX. 

Contents of the special schedule 87 



LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. 



Department of Commerce, 

Bureau of the Census. 
Washington, D. C, June 24, 1922. 
Sir: 

I transmit herewith a report on the blind in the United States. Under the act providing for the Fourteenth 
Census the enumerators were required to report the name and address of each blind person. A special schedule 
was then mailed to each person thus reported as blind, requesting information as to degree and cause of 
blindness, age when vision was lost, existence of blindness among relatives, education, economic status, and 
occupation before becoming blind. The data thereby obtained have been tabulated and the results are pre- 
sented in the report herewith transmitted. This report was prepared under the direction of Mr. Bennet Mead, 
expert special agent. The bureau is indebted to Dr. E. G. Seibert, of Washington, D. C, for advice and 
assistance in classifying the returns relative to the causes of blindness. 

As was the case at the censuses of 1900 and 1910, the returns have been utilized not only for statistical pur- 
poses but also for supplying, upon request, lists of the blind enumerated in particular states or localities, 
including names, addresses, and other personal data, for the use of schools, libraries, workshops, or other 
institutions for the blind. In this way the bureau has no doubt been instrumental in extending the philan- 
thropic work carried on by various public agencies in behalf of those afflicted with blindness. 

It is planned to publish later an analytical study of the statistics contained in this report with such ratios 
and percentages as will bring out the significance of the figures and facilitate comparisons with earlier censuses. 
Respectfully, 

W. M. Steuart, 

Director of the Census. 
Hon. Herbert Hoover, 

Secretary of Commerce. 

(5) 



THE BLIND IN THE UNITED STATES: 1920. 



INTRODUCTION. 

T his report presents the results of the tenth decen- 
nial enumeration of the blind, made in connection 
with the Fourteenth Decennial Census. The text is 
restricted to barely essential explanation of the pro- 
cedure followed and the accuracy and general signifi- 
cance of the data. This report, therefore, consists 
mainly of the basic tables dealing with the blind 
population. 

These general tables correspond in the main with 
those of the 1910 census report on the blind. 1 In a 
number of instances, however, the results are pre- 
sented in less detail, while in a few other cases addi- 
tional facts are shown or the same facts are given in 
fuller detail. Such differences in presentation are 
pointed out in the succeeding paragraphs. Like- 
wise, attention is called to any variations from the 
1910 Report in arrangement or classification, due to 
changes in the schedule or scheme of tabulation. 

Beginning with the Fifth Census, in 1830, a column 
was provided on the population schedule, where note 
was to be made of individuals who were blind. 

In 1900 the special column for reporting the blind, 
which had been in use from 1830, was omitted from 
the population schedules, and the enumerators were 
provided with blanks on which they were to report 
the name, age, sex, and address of each blind (or deaf) 
person enumerated. Five cents additional pay was 
allowed for each name thus reported. In 1910 a 
return was made to the use of a column on the popu- 
lation schedule. Finally, in 1920, a separate sheet 
was used, as in 1900, but without extra pay to the 
enumerator for such special returns. On this sheet 
the name, sex, race, age, and address of each blind 
(or deaf) person was to be returned. 

In 1880 and 1890, while as already noted, a special 
column on the population schedule was used, the 
enumerators were also provided with supplemental 
schedules on which additional special data were to be 
entered for each blind person enumerated. Extra 
compensation was granted for making these returns. 
The resulting information was included in a separate 
report on "special classes." In 1900, 1910, and 1920, 
special information regarding the blind — such as the 
cause of blindness, age of losing vision, etc., was 
obtained through correspondence directly with the 
blind persons reported by enumerators or other agen- 
cies, the data being published in a special report, de- 



1 The Blind in the United States: 1910. 



voted in 1900 to both the blind and the deaf, and in 
1910 to the blind alone. 

The information thus secured, and the scheme of . 
tabulation, were similar for all three enumerations, 
and for 1910 and 1920 almost identical. Consequent- 
ly a basis exists for rather detailed and significant 
comparisons between 1910 and 1920. While limita- 
tions of time and space render such comparisons im- 
practicable in this volume, those specially interested 
will find a full discussion of the 1910 data in "The 
Blind in the United States— 1910." 

SCOPE, METHOD, AND ACCURACY OF THE 
ENUMERATION. 



The definition of blindness adopted for the census 
was essentially the same in 1920 as in 1910, but the 
instructions to enumerators in 1920 were slightly 
fuller and more definitely worded. In both enumera- 
tions the test was whether the defect of vision was 
such that the person was unable to read, even with 
glasses. In 1920, the instructions were printed on 
the supplemental schedule for the blind, on which 
the enumerators made their report. It read as 
follows : 

Include as blind any person who can not see well enough to read, 
even with the aid of glasses. The test in case of infants must be 
whether they can apparently distinguish forms and objects; and 
in the case of older persons who are illiterate whether they can 
presumably see well enough to read if they knew how to read. Do 
not include any person who is blind in one eye only. 

In 1910 the instructions read: 

If a person is either totally or partially blind, in both eyes, so as 
not to be able to read even with the help of glasses, write "Bl." 



The use of a supplementary sheet in 1920 for ob- 
taining the names and addresses of the blind, was a 
partial return to the method followed in 1900, and a 
departure from the plan used in 1910. However, the 
enumerators in 1920 were not granted extra pay for 
making this return, as they had been in 1900, 2 and 
although no extra pay had been granted in 1910, the 
inclusion of a special column for the blind on the 
regular population schedule undoubtedly caused the 
enumerators to keep the matter more constantly in 
mind than they did in 1920. 

2 In 1880 and 1890, also, enumerators had received additional 
pay, but they filled out special schedules, and not merely the names 
of blind persons, as in 1900. 

(7) 



8 



THE BLIND IN THE UNITED STATES. 



Most of the data on which this report is based were 
obtained from the special schedules which were 
mailed to those reported as blind. The 1920 census 
was the third successive census in which this procedure 
of collecting information by mail was followed. By 
the method previously followed, in 1880 and 1890, 
the enumerators filled out the special schedules giv- 
ing data as to cause of blindness, age of occurrence, 
etc. Experience with both methods has demon- 
strated that while enumerators return schedules for 
a larger percentage, the correspondence method re- 
sults in more complete and more reliable data for 
those who do return schedules. The persons to 
whom the data relates, or their friends or relatives, 
are obviously as a rule able to supply fuller and better 
information than enumerators, who are liable to be 
hasty or to overlook or misinterpret the questions 
• asked on the schedule. 

\< (TRACY. 

No high degree of accuracy is to he expected in a 
census of the blind carried out by the methods which 
it has been necessary to use thus far in the United 
States. Some important difficulties involved are the 
following: ' 

(1) It is very hard to formulate an adequate defini- 
tion of the group to be included. 

(2) Even with careful definition, a large element of 
personal judgment enters into the decision of an enu- 
merator as to whether a given individual should be 
reported as blind. 

(3) Inconsistencies result from the varying intelli- 
gence and persistence of the enumerators. 

(4) There is often reluctance on the part of blind 
persons or their relatives to admit blindness. This 
attitude is emphasized in the case of blind children. 

As a result of these conditions, and of changes 
made from time to time in the administrative methods 
used in taking the census, it is probable that the enu- 
meration of the blind has always been more or less 
incomplete. Prior to 1870 the deficiency of the re- 
turns was especially serious. 2 Since then, the enu. 
meration has been somewhat more complete. 

There is little doubt, however, that in the 1920 
census the changes made in the method of reporting, 
which have been explained above, were attended by 
frequent failure on the part of enumerators through 
oversight, to inquire for or to report blind persons. 

While 57,272 blind persons were reported by enu- 
merators in 1910, only 43,154 were so reported in 1920. 
This large apparent decrease, however, was due chiefly 
to the change in method of reporting which has been 
described above. Evidence of this fact is available 
because of the measures adopted by the Census 

1 This matter is more fully discussed in "The Blind in the Uniled 
States, 1910," p. 15, 16, and elsewhere. 

2 Cf. The Blind in the United States, 1910, p. 17. 



Bureau to supplement the returns of enumerators 
by obtaining lists of names of blind persons from schools 
for the blind and other sources. Where correspond- 
ence established that these persons were totally hlind 
according to the definition followed, they were in- 
cluded in the returns. In this way the blind popu- 
lation as enumerated was increased by 9,413, or 
21.8 per cent, bringing the total to 52,567. This 
number is equivalent to 497 per million total popu- 
lation in 1920 as against 623 per million in 1910. 

From 1880 to 1910 blindness in the United States, 
as well as in the principal European countries, appears 
to have been decreasing. 3 The 1920 census returns 
indicate that this trend has continued. On the face 

i of the return, then, there was a decrease during the 
decade of about 20 per cent in the number of blind 
relative to population. In order, however, to deter- 

I mine how far the decrease was actually as great as 

j this, it is necessary to compare the enumerations of 
1910 and 1920 as to completeness. 
In attempting to measure the degree of complete- 

j ness possessed by the 1920 blind census, the chief 
aim must be to determine how closely the incom- 
pleteness of the 1920 returns by enumerators was 
counterbalanced by including the group added from 
other sources. The following methods will be used 
here: 

(1) Comparison of the blind population as enu- 
merated in 1920 and 1910 with estimates of the 
theoretical blind population which would have re- 
sulted from continuance of the trend shown by prior 
enumerations. 

(2) Analysis of the 1920 blind population enumer- 
ated, as to age, to estimate the total which would 
have been enumerated if all groups had been as com- 
pletely enumerated as that for which the highest 
degree of completeness was attained. 

(1) In The Blind in the United States, 1910 (pp. 
16 et seq.), the completeness of the 1910 census is 
discussed. The 1900 census results were regarded as 
more complete than those of 1910, because of the extra 
pay to enumerators in 1900. Accordingly, the 1900 
statistics were used as a basis for determining the 
probable degree of completeness of the 1910 census, 
i with the result that: "On the whole, the conclusion 
seems justified that the figure published as represent- 
ing the blind population in the United States in 1910 
falls considerably short of the true figure, possibly by 
as much as 13,000 or 14,000." 4 

This figure corresponds to an estimated maximum 
blind population in 1910 of 70,000 to 71.000, of whom 
only 57,272, or (taking the lower estimate) 81.8 per 
cent were enumerated. If the blind population in 
1920 is calculated in the same way as the lower esti- 
mate for 1910; that is, by assuming that the ratio of 

3 The Blind in the United States, 1910, p. 20. 

4 The Blind in the United States, 1910, p. 16. 



THE BLIND IN THE UNITED STATES. 



blind to total population continued to decrease from 
1900 to 1920 as rapidly as from 1880 to 1900, the 
result obtained is about 74,500. The blind population 
actually enumerated for 1920, which was 52,567, fell 
short of this number by about 22,000, or 29.5 per 
cent. By the corresponding estimate for 1910, cited 
above, only 18.1 per cent failed to be enumerated in 
1910. 

These results indicate that the 1920 census was 
-decidedly less complete than that of 1910. Compar- 
ing the 1920 estimate with the lower estimate, 70,000, 
for 1910, which was computed in the same way, the 
ratio of blind to total population becomes 705 per 
million in 1920 as against 761 per million in 1910 — a 
decrease of 7.4 per cent. 

(2) Analysis of the age distribution of the blind 
population enumerated in 1910 and 1920 develops 
the fact that children and young persons of school 
age; that is, from 5 to 19 years old, inclusive, made 
up 12 per cent of the total whose age was reported 
in 1920, as against only 9.6 per cent in 1910. This 
difference points to a more complete enumeration in 
1920 of persons in this age period, rather than to a 
corresponding change in the real age distribution of 
the blind, since: 

(a) It seems probable from study of the causes of 
blindness in 1910 and 1920 that measures taken to 
prevent blindness have been especially successful in 
the case of "babies' sore eyes" (ophthalmia neona- 
torum) and other disorders chiefly affecting the young. 1 

(6) The increase can not be accounted for by an 
increase in the total population of the corresponding 
age group, as persons from 5 to 19 years of age formed 
but 29.8 per cent of the total population in 1920 as 
compared to 30.4 per cent for 1910. Persons 45 years 
or over, on the other hand, increased from 18.9 per cent 
of the total in 1910 to 20.S per cent in 1920. Since 
blindness is peculiarly an affliction of later life, such 
an increase in the relative number of older people in 
the population would naturally result in an even 
greater increase in the proportion of the blind aged 
45 and over. Such an increase must be accompanied 
by a corresponding decrease in the percentage of the 
blind belonging to the younger age groups. Pre- 
sumably, therefore, a complete enumeration of the 
blind in both 1910 and 1920 would have disclosed a 
smaller percentage of blind persons 5 to 19 years old 
in 1920 than in 1910. 

(c) The increase in percentage of school age for the 
blind population as enumerated is fully accounted for 
by the inclusion in 1920 (among the blind reported by 

1 Statistics compiled by the National Committee for the Pre- 
vention of Blindness show that among the blind in attendance at 
schools for the blind in 1917-18, only 14. 7 per cent newly 
admitted to the schools in that year were reported as blind from 
ophthalmia neonatorum, while this disease was given as the cause 
of blindness for 24. 2 per cent of the older students who had 
entered the schools prior to this school year. 



agencies other than enumerators) of a large group of 
students in special schools for the blind. Of this ad- 
ditional group of 9,413, there were 5,117, or 54.4 per 
cent, who were reported by blind institutions. By a 
conservative estimate, at least four-fifths of these, or 
40 per cent of the " additional" total, were students of 
school age. This was more than four times as large as 
the percentage (9.6) already noted, which persons 5 to 
19 formed of the 1910 blind population enumerated. 
Also, it exceeds by a wide margin the percentage of 
this age group (29.8) among the total population in 
1920. 

From the above analysis it is evident that, had the 
enumeration of the blind of school age been equally 
complete in 1920 and 1910, there should have been a 
decrease instead of the increase noted, in the percentage 
which this age group formed of the total blind popula- 
tion as enumerated. It is possible to estimate what 
this decrease would have been, on the assumption that 
it occurred at the same rate which applied between 
1880 and 1910. Such an estimate is fairly accurate. 
since the age statistics of these enumerations are 
reasonably comparable. 2 

Persons 5 to 19 years of age (inclusive) made up 
15.2 per cent of the blind population as enumerated 
in 1880, but dropped to 9.6 per cent in 1910. With a 
continuance of the same rate of decrease, this age 
group would have been only 8.2 per cent of the total 
in 1920, instead of 12 per cent — the percentage as 
actually enumerated. 

Assuming that the discrepancy noted in the per- 
centage of blind of school age was due entirely to more 
complete enumeration of this group in 1920, it de- 
velops that about 24,000 blind persons not of school 
age (including (hose under 5 and those 20 years old or 
more) failed to be enumerated in 1920. It follows that 
had the 1920 census been as complete as that of 1910 
as regards those not of school age, the blind population 
enumerated would have been approximately 70,600. 

This estimate indicates a ratio of 725 blind per mil- 
lion total population in 1920, and a decrease of 4.7 per 
cent in this ratio, from 1910 to 1920. 

Summarizing, comparative analysis of blind census 
returns indicates that the 1920 census was much less 
complete than that of 1910; corrected estimates of the 
total blind population show a decrease in number of 
blind per million of between 4.7 and 7.4 per cent, in 
contrast to the 20.2 per cent decrease in the ratio to 
population of the blind actually enumerated. 

In view of the reasonably close agreement in the 
results obtained by methods (1) and (2), which are 
entirely independent, it is probable that these results 
furnish a fairly reliable index of the decrease in blind- 
ness from 1910 to 1920. It is also probable that the 
estimate of between 74,500 and 76,600 as the totally 

2 Cf. The Blind in the United States, 1910, p. 35. 



10 



THE BLIND IN THE UNITED STATES. 



blind population in 1920 is a reasonably close approxi- 
mation to tbe truth. On the other hand, no census of 
the blind — even those of 1880 and 1900 — has attained 
absolute completeness. Hence the above estimates, 
which are based upon the results of earlier enumera- 
tions, understate the actual prevalence of blindness 
to the extent that prior enumerations were incomplete. 

STATISTICS OF THE BLIND POPULATION 
ENUMERATED. 

There were 57,444 persons reported as blind in 1920, 
of whom 4,877 returned schedules showing that their 
defects of vision were not sufficiently serious to justify 
their inclusion in the tabulated returns. The remain- 
ing 52,567 who are here tabulated comprise 43,154 
reported by enumerators, and 9,413 reported by other 
agencies and returning special schedules. Of those 
reported by enumerators, there were 11,654 who failed 
to return schedules. Some of these would undoubt- 
edly have been found not totally blind had schedules 
been obtained for them. 

General Tables 1 to 4 of this report relate primarily 
to the total blind population enumerated, including 
both persons listed by enumerators and those reported 
by other agencies. 

In Table 1, a comparison is made of the blind 
population enumerated in 1920 and 1910, by geo- 
graphic divisions and states, ratio of blind to total 
population, and the number and percentage who 
returned special schedules. 

Table 2 presents information as to the number of 
blind in 1920, by divisions and states, who were 
reported by enumerators and by other agencies; 
and the number reported by enumerators, returning 
special schedules. 

In Table 3 is shown, likewise for each division and 
state, the blind population enumerated in 1920 classi- 
fied separately by sex, by color, and by age. 

Table 4 shows, for the United States as a whole, 
the total blind population enumerated, according to 
sex and color, distributed by age. 

STATISTICS OF THE BLIND POPULATION FOP. WHOM 
SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED. 

COMPLETENESS OF SPECIAL SCHEDULE RETURNS. 

The 1920 special schedule returns for the blind were 
decidedly more complete than those for 1910. Of the 
52,567 total enumerated blind population, 40,913, or 
77.8 per cent returned special schedules in 1920, as 
compared to only 51.1 per cent in 1910. ! Even if the 
comparison is based on the estimated total blind 
population of 76,600 (the larger estimate) in 1920 and 
70,000 in 1910, those returning schedules formed 53.4 
per cent in 1920 as against 41,8 per cent in 1910. 

This difference is due to the fact that for 1910, 
because of pressure of other work, the Census Bureau 

1 Cf . Tables 1 and 2, pp. 14 and 15. 



found it impracticable to carry out follow-up corre- 
spondence, 2 while for 1920 a second and even a third 
request were made of those who failed to respond 
within a reasonable time. It is probable that among 
those blind persons who responded to the first request, 
a considerable percentage possessed distinctive class 
traits which differed from the prevailing characteristics 
of those who responded only to later requests. For 
example, persons possessing at least a certain minimum 
of education, and who from various motives took a 
special interest in the inquiry, would tend to respond 
more generally to the first request than those unable 
to read the schedule, or indifferent to the purposes of 
the study. Thus, the statistics based upon this 
group are presumably more representative for 1920 
than for 1910. 

These facts have an important bearing upon com- 
parisons which may be made between the 1910 and 
1920 returns, as differences between the 1920 and 1910 
figures may be due partly or chiefly to this altered 
composition of the group rather than to an actual 
change in the blind population. 

Tables 5 to 43 deal exclusively with the blind in 
1920 who returned special schedules. Seven tables 
(Nos. 5 to 11, inclusive) present the composition of 
this group as to sex, color, nativity, age, and marital 
condition, while the 32 remaining tables show certain 
facts which have special significance in connection 
with the study of blindness. 

AGK WHEN VISION WAS LOST. 

Of peculiar importance in connection with a study of 
blindness is the age when blindness occurred. Data 
on this point afford a basis for estimating approxi- 
mately the risk of blindness at various ages, and thus 
gauging for example, the attendant economic loss. 
Also, the data on other special topics in many cases 
should be studied in relation to the age of blindness. 

There are 12 tables which present a classification 
according to age of losing vision. These are Tables 
12-15 (inclusive); 18, 23, 27, 32, 34, 35, 40, and 43. 

In addition, Tables 38, 39, and 40 are restricted in 
part on a basis of age at which vision was lost. 

CAUSE OF BLINDNESS. 

The 1920 statistics of cause, while somewhat 
improved, necessarily lack strict scientific accuracy, 
and distinctions are not as fine as would be desirable. 
From the medical standpoint, for instance, it would be 
desirable in the case of certain special affections of 
the eye (such as glaucoma and atrophy of the optic 
nerve) to distinguish between the primary and 
secondary forms. The schedules, however, seldom 
made this distinction, or contained the information 
needed for making it. 

2 Cf. The Blind in the United States, 1910, pp. 76, 77. 



THE BLIND IN THE UNITED STATES. 



11 



The statement of cause often represents a mere 
guess on the part of the blind person or his relatives. 
Even medical examination often fails to discover the 
real cause. Hence these statistics are to be regarded 
as affording only approximate indications of the 
relative importance of various causes and classes of 
causes. 

Few changes were made in the classification of 
causes- used for 1910. The chief additions were: 
Rheumatism (specified because it is often incorrectly 
reported as the cause when the true cause was 
syphilis) ; wrong medicine, malpractice, and meno- 
pause, of interest not as indicating the true cause 
with any accuracy, but as reflecting the frequent 
lack of proper medical facilities, and popular currency 
of erroneous ideas as well as resort to useless or 
injurious nostrums. 

In the following nine tables, the blind are classified 
according to reported cause of blindness: Tables 16, 
17, 18, 22, 24, 25, 38, 39, and 43. In connection with 
organized efforts to prevent blindness data on the 
causes of blindness are of special interest, as indicating 
how far preventive efforts have been successful. While 
detailed discussion and interpretation of the 1920 
returns is not practicable in this report, it is essential 
to point out certain factors which must be considered 
in any such study. 

The schedule inquiry as to cause of blindness was 
almost identical for 1910 and 1920. The slight change 
made in wording by inserting "cause or" before "sup- 
posed cause" may have been a factor in making the 
returns more definite. Likewise, the scheme of 
classification followed in editing the 1920 schedules 
differed only slightly from that used with the 1910 
returns. The results of these enumerations thus 
should be comparable in large degree. 

The 1920 returns as presented in the tables differ, 
however, from those of 1910 in certain important 
respects. 

(a) The blind of school age are more completely 
represented, and those of other ages less completely 
represented in the 1920 returns than in those of 1910. 
The effect of this condition is to increase the apparent 
relative importance of those causes of blindness — such 
as babies' sore eyes (opthalmia neonatorum) and the 
so-called "childrens' diseases." ' Hence, in the inter- 
pretation of these figures, it is necessary to make due 
allowance for this change in age composition of the 
blind population returning special schedules. 

(6) The 1920 returns were much more definite than 
those of 1910. Comparison, therefore, develops an 
apparent increase in the percentage reporting the more 
definitely and accurately stated individual causes. 
Such an increase obviously does not establish that a 
similar increase has occurred in the actual prevalence 
of these causes. 

1 Cf. discussion on p. 9. 



HEREDITY AND BLINDNESS. 

There are eight tables which present data concern- 
ing heredity in relation to blindness. In Tables 20 to 
23, inclusive, and 43, the blind are classified as to 
whether their parents were reported to be first cousins. 
Tables 19, 21 to 23, inclusive, and 43 show the status 
of the parents as to vision. Tables 19, 20, 24, and 43 
present the status as to vision of the brothers and 
sisters of the special schedule group. Finally, Tables 
19, 20, 25, and 43 show the status as to vision of 
the children of the blind persons tabulated. 

These statistics have certain limitations, the chief 
of which is that they represent merely the number of 
blind individuals reporting themselves as having blind 
parents, brothers or sisters, or children. They do not 
show the number of families having more than one blind 
member at a given time. Whenever schedules have 
been tabulated for two or more members of a given 
family, obviously that family will be represented two 
or more times in the returns. Hence the figures 
exaggerate the number of instances in which blindness 
exists simultaneously in two or more members of the 
same family. On the other hand, the data obtained 
from the special schedule frequently understates the 
full amount of blindness that in the long run will 
develop in a given family. Certain causes of blind- 
ness, especially cataract and glaucoma, which tend to 
recur in a single family usually do not produce this 
defect until late in life. Thus, a hereditary tendency 
may be present in a family which as yet has not 
affected any of the brothers or sisters or children of 
the blind person because they are not yet old enough 
for the defect to develop. 

In spite of these limitations, the data on blindness 
among relatives are of some value, as they afford 
some indications of the extent to which blindness recurs 
in families. 

In the 1910 schedule, separate inquiries were made 
concerning the status as to vision of the blind person's 
parents. The schedule contained questions merely as 
to the number of brothers and sisters, and of children, 
the blind person had, and the number of these who were 
blind. The 1920 schedule, however, was worded to 
secure specific information as to the number of brothers, 
sisters, boys and girls, and how many of each were 
blind. The 1920 tables accordingly distinguish as to 
sex all of the relatives whose status as to vision is pre- 
sented. This sex division of the relatives of blind per- 
sons is accompanied by a similar separation of the blind 
persons whose schedules were tabulated, a separation 
not made in presenting the 1910 data. 

The object of this distinction is to make it possible to 
determine whether blindness, in so far as it is due to 
hereditary causes, tends to exhibit sex correlation, 
whether, for example, blind males are more likely to 
have blind fathers or blind mothers; blind brothers or 
blind sisters; blind sons or blind daughters. In ana- 



12 



THE BLIND IN THE UNITED STATES. 



lyzing the data on this subject it is of course necessary 
to make allowance for the fact that blindness is nor- 
mally more prevalent among males than among females, 
chiefly because of the greater occupational exposure to 
risk of accident. 

EDUCATION. 

Tables 26, 27 28, and 37 present data concerning the 
sort of schooling which was reported to have been 
received by the special schedule group. It is believed 
that this information is more reliable than the corre- 
sponding data for 1910, in at least two respects. 

First, the question as to whether the blind person had 
attended school was in 1910 frequently misunderstood 
and answered incorrectly in the negative by persons 
who had received some education. Many, for example, 
understood the question to be whether they were at 
present attending school. 1 The wording of this inquiry 
was clarified on the 1920 schedule, so that the data is 
probably much more complete. Accordingly, it would 
be misleading to draw anj?- unduly definite conclusions 
as to what improvement has been made in the educa- 
tion of the blind from a comparison of the 1910 and 
1920 figures. 

Second, the 1910 statistics as to home instruction of 
the blind were unreliable because in many cases what 
was reported as home instruction had probably been 
given by parents or other relatives and had been largely 
of haphazard character. The wording of this part of 
the 1920 schedule was also made more specific. It is 
believed that the inquiry was correctly understood in a 
far larger percentage of cases, and that the results are 
correspondingly more accurate than those of 1910. 

USE OF RAISED TYPE. 

In the special study of the blind the extent to which 
they are able to read raised type corresponds in 
significance to the study of literacy among the gen- 
eral population. This report contains five tables 
on this subject, Tables 28 to 32 inclusive. 

In addition to the kinds of raised type specified in 
the 1910 report, the 1920 tables include what is desig- 
nated as "Revised Braille Grade H," or more briefly 
as "Revised Braille." This variety of type is a 
slightly modified form of English or European Braille. 
The new type is called "Grade 1J," because it is 
intermediate between the Grade 1 and Grade 2 of 
English Braille, in respect to the number of contrac- 
tions used for words or phrases of frequent occur- 
rence. Revised Braille was introduced about 1916, 
and by general agreement among those responsible 
for the instruction of the blind, was to be substi- 
tuted gradually for both American Braille and New 
York Point. The plan is to make this system — as 
soon as feasible — the only raised point system taught 
in American schools for the blind. 

1 Cf. The Blind in the United States, 1910, p. 128. 



ECONOMIC STATUS. 

Tables 33 to 37, inclusive, relate to the economic 
condition of the blind. In the first four of these 
tables, the main classification is by occupation. In 
Table 37 a division is made into two chief groups: 
Those who were and those who were not reported 
as gainfully employed. Each of these groups is 
classified according to education. Both tables 36 
and 37 show in addition the distribution of the 
blind by: (a) Degree of dependence on their earn- 
ings; (b) extent of self-support; (c) classified annual 
earnings as reported. 

The 1910 report on the blind includes occupation 
statistics for the blind population enumerated, as 
well as for those returning special schedules. For 
1920, however, this information is presented only 
for the special schedule group. 

The statistics of self-support and dependency 
shown in Tables 36 and 37 are closely comparable 
with the corresponding 1910 figures, since the schedule 
inquiries on these points were identical in wording. 
Study of the 1920 schedules suggests that many of 
those returning schedules misunderstood these in- 
quiries. Thus, an affirmative answer to the ques- 
tion "Does this occupation support him (or her)" 
appears to mean as a rule that the occupation 
partly or largely supports him; and not that it fur- 
nishes adequate or complete support. Likewise, 
when the question, "Is he (or she) dependent on it 
(the occupation) for a living?" is answered affirma- 
tively, this often signifies partial rather than total 
dependence on earnings. 2 

In comparing classified earnings in 1910 and 1920, 
it is essential to take into account the general in- 
crease in the cost of living which occurred during the 
decade. 

In the 1910 report on the blind, Table 42, which 
corresponds with Table 37 of this report, classified the 
blind not gainfully employed into those "living on 
own income" and "all others." Such classification 
was not attempted here in Table 37, as examination 
of schedules revealed the fact that information on 
this point was so incomplete as to render such a 
division of doubtful value. 

OCCUPATIOX BEFORE BLINDNESS. 

In Tables 38, 39, and 40 is presented the classifi- 
cation by occupation before vision was lost, of those 
returning schedules who were at least 20 years old and 
were gainfully employed when the) T became blind. 
Tables 38 and 39 relate to males and females and show 
for each occupation their distribution by cause of 
blindness. These tables are of peculiar importance, 
because blindness is so frequently the result of in- 
dustrial accident or occupational disease. It is prob- 

• Cf. The Blind in the United States, 1910, pp. 146-147. 



THE BLIND IN THE UNITED STATES. 



13 



able that the 1920 figures on this subject are some- 
what more significant than those of 1910, since 
schedules were obtained from a considerably larger 
percentage of the blind population. 1 

The list of causes used in Tables 38 and 39 is much 
more condensed than that of 1910. It is believed 
that little, if anything, of value has been lost through 
this reduction, as care has been exercised to specify 
all causes which seem significant in relation to occu- 
pation. 

A number of changes have been made in the fist of 
occupations. The chief emphasis is on occupations 
as the fundamental units, whereas the 1910 tabulation 
was mainly an industry grouping, with occupations 
subordinated to the industries. The 1920 occupa- 
tional grouping corresponds to that followed in the 
Census of Occupations and facilitates comparisons be- 
tween the blind and the general population. As a 
result of this change, however, there are many occu- 
pations for which exact comparisons can not be made 
between the 1910 and 1920 statistics. 

In the 1910 tables, for example, operatives in specific 
occupations in each industry listed were shown under 
that industry. In the 1920 table, on the contrary, all 
semiskilled operatives are shown in one part of the 
table, distributed by chief industries. 

Table 40 shows the blind classified by occupation 
before blindness and by age of losing vision. This 
analysis affords useful indications of the risk of occu- 
pational blindness at various ages. 

STATE OR COUNTY AID. 

Tables 41 and 42 present data as to the blind who 
were reported on their schedules as receiving state or 
county aid. This was an additional question, not 
included on the 1910 schedule, and intended to bring 
out the facts as to public charitable relief of the blind, 
as distinguished from institutional care or private 
relief. Those who returned schedules in some cases 
clearly failed to understand this inquiry. Cases of 
this sort where the answer showed that the question 
had been misunderstood were not classified as receiving 
aid. It is probable that others, who had also misin- 
terpreted this question, but whose schedules contained 
no indication of the fact, have been included in Tables 
41 and 42. These tables therefore may to some ex- 
tent overstate the number receiving public relief. 

While a number of states make provision for pen- 
sions to destitute blind persons, specifically on grounds 
of their blindness, county or city poor relief appears 
to have been the more usual form in which aid was 
received by the blind. Definite information on this 
point was not called for by the schedule, but was 
occasionally supplied by writing "county," "state," 
etc., on the schedule instead of "yes" or "no." 

1 Cf. p. 10; also The Blind in the United States, 1910, p. 150 
etseq. 



BLIND DEAF-MUTES. 

A census of deaf-mutes, as well as of the blind, was 
made in connection with the 1920 census. In Table 43 
are shown special statistics covering persons found to 
be deaf-mutes as well as blind. The table was restricted 
to the group for whom special schedules were returned in 
connection with the enumeration of both the blind and 
the deaf, because in many cases enumerators' returns 
of various individuals as both blind and deaf proved 
erroneous. 

In tabulating the statistics for blind deaf-mutes, 
the following three classes were included : 

(1) Totally deaf persons unable to use speech as a 
means of communication. 

(2) All other totally deaf persons who had lost 
hearing before they were 9 years old, including those 
able to use speech for communication. 

(3) All partially deaf persons who had become 
deaf under 9 years old, and could hear only with ear 
trumpet or other mechanical appliance. 

The age restriction of classes (2) and (3) was adopted 
because the presumption is that by the eighth year 
of life a normal child has learned to speak, so that if 
he becomes deaf after that, the problem is merely to 
keep him from losing the faculty of speech which he 
has already acquired. 

The blind mutes tabulated were distributed by 
divisions and states as follows: 



DIVISION - AND STATE. 


Number. 


DIVISION AXD STATE. 


Number. 




169 








Maryland 

Virginia 






12 


5 




2 




i 

3 

30 










Georgia 

Florida 




















20 

1 
9 

SO 

13 

4 
13 

4 
If. 

2f. 




















1 














Arkansas 

Louisiana 








Illinois 


2 










7 
















6 
3 
11 
1 

2 


, 






























California 


1 



Table 43 shows blind mutes classified according to: 
Sex; race and nativity by sex: ago; marital condition 
by sex; ages when blindness and deafness occurred; 
causes of blindness and deafness respectively; re- 
lationship of parents; status as to blindness and 
deafness of parents, of brothers and sisters, and of 
children. 



GENERAL TABLES. 



Table 1 .—BLIND POPULATION ENUMERATED. WITH THE NUMBER PER MILLION GENERAL POPULATION. AND THE 
NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE RETURNING SPECIAL SCHEDULES. BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1920 AND 1910. 



BLKB FOFrLATinX EXTMTfcATED: 1920 ANT) 1910. 





TotaL 


Number per 1,000,000 
general population. 


Returning special schedules. 


MTISJON AST) STATE. 


Number. 


Per cent of total 
enumerated. 




1920 


1910 


1920 


1910 


19-20 


1910 


1920 


1910 




52,567 


57.272 


497 


aa 


40.913 


. -'-. 


77. S 








Geographic nv; = 


4.699 
9,374 
12,234 
6,111 
6,694 
4.935 
4,258 
1,906 
2,356 


4,090 
10,001 
11,731 
6,679 
fc.279 
7,019 
5.621 
1,787 
2,065 


m 

421 
570 
487 
478 
555 
416 
571 
423 


624 

643 

679 
835 
640 
679 
493 


7,807 
10,253 
4,881 
4.594 
3.371 
2.716 
1,400 
1,707 


2,280 
5,204 
7,037 
3.556 
3.661 
3,156 
2,462 
826 
1,060 


89.0 
83.3 
83.8 
79.9 

68.3 
63.8 


55.7 


Middle Atlantic 


52.0 




















46.2 


Pacific 


:. ■ 51.3 


Set finuat 


583 
382 
195 

: ■-• 

231 

4,205 

1.075 
4,094 

3.S73 
2,223 
3.246 
1,579 
1,313 

-" 

1.159 

2,226 

145 

211 

405 

1,095 

139 
763 
3.>s 

1,161 
647 

1,230 
597 

1,336 

~ 

1,640 

1,429 

1,026 

840 

919 
725 
860 
K 

180 
131 

30 
706 
552 
101 
165 

41 

498 
354 

1,504 


585 

.--: 
301 
2,046 
314 
553 

4,692 
1,127 
4.182 

3.740 
2.121 
2,975 

1,321 

881 

1.3S8 

2.442 

167 

268 

464 

1,069 

131 

802 

223 

1,649 

797 

1,563 

1,011 

_ 

402 

2.153 
1,956 
1,572 
1.338 

1,201 

1,107 

S74 

2,439 

168 
15S 

48 
37S 
554 
196 
188 

97 

439 

297 

1,329 


759 
862 
553 
672 
382 
521 

405 
341 
469 

672 
750 
501 
430 
499 

364 

482 
654 
224 
331 
312 
619 

623 
526 
818 
503 

442 
481 
355 
461 

679 
611 
437 
469 

524 

403 
424 
376 

328 
303 
154 
751 
1,532 
302 
367 
530 

367 
452 
439 


788 
846 

579 

496 

515 
444 

546 

528 
560 
566 

424 
624 
741 
289 
459 
389 
632 

647 
619 

i 
800 
653 
708 

n 

652 
534 

940 
895 
735 
745 

763 
668 

527 
626 

447 

485 
329 
473 

1,693 
959 
504 

1.1S-5 

384 
441 
559 


491 
IB 

2,3a 

190 
633 

3,414 

921 

3,472 

3,269 
i;833 
2,693 
1,346 
1.112 

713 
965 
1,742 
121 
152 
329 
859 

123 
597 
197 
894 
440 
853 
348 
841 
301 

1,236 
966 
669 
500 

625 

454 

549 

1,088 

124 
103 

18 
559 
372 

54 
138 

32 

377 

276 

1,054 


287 
160 
170 
1,189 
170 
304 

2,488 

646 

2,070 

2,450 

1.163 

1.746 

840 

838 

477 

an 

i.- •- 

82 
131 
267 
630 

60 
36S 

US 

m 

369 

701 
394 

719 
174 

1,049 
889 

740 

478 

615 
444 

376 
1,027 

67 
66 
25 
207 
2S3 
53 
107 
18 

228 
155 
677 


84.2 
88.2 
77. y 
92.0 
8Z3 
88.0 

8L2 
85.7 

84.8 

84.4 
82.5 
83.0 
85.2 
84.7 

82.0 

S3.3 

■■ 

83.4 

72.0 

Si. J 

78.4 

78.2 
55.0 
77.0 
6S.0 
69.3 
58.3 
62.9 
65.0 

75.4 
67.6 
65.2 
59.5 

68.0 
62.6 
63.8 
62.0 

68.9 

78.6 
60.0 
79.2 
67.4 
53.5 
83.6 
78.0 

75.7 
78.0 
70.1 


49.1 










Massachusetts , 


54.1 


Connecticut 

Middle Atlantic: 


55.0 
53.0 


New Jersey 


57.3 

49.5 


EaST N'-ETH CENTRAL.- 


65.5 




54.8 


Illinois 


58.7 
53.4 




63.4 


West North Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska. 

South Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Mar- land. 

District of Columbia 

Virginia 

North Carolina 

Georgia. 

Florida 

East Socth Central: 


54.1 
47.6 
53.6 
49.1 

4v9 

57.5 

45.8 
45.9 
52.9 
46.0 
46.3 
44.8 

4Z3 
43.3 

4S.7 




45.4 




47.1 




35.7 


West Sotth Central: 

Arkansas 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana. . 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

New Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada. 


5L2 

4a 1 

43.0 
42.1 

39.9 
41.8 
52.1 
54.8 
5L1 
27.0 
.56.9 
1S.6 

51.9 


Oregon." 

California. 


52.2 
509 



(14) 



BLIND POPULATION ENUMERATED. 



L5 



Table 2.— BLIND POPULATION ENUMERATED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO AGENCY BY WHICH REPORTED, 
WITH THE NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE RETURNING SPECIAL SCHEDULES, l'.Y DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1920 













BLIND POP! I VII, is 

















Total 

Dumber, 


Nniiibi'i 

pei 

1,(KKI,IKKI 

gener ii 
popula- 
tion. 


Number 
reported 

i'v oi n M 

e lei 

t or-- . ' 


Additional number reported bj other agencies 


i 


Number returning pedal 
, nedulea. 


DIVISION AND STATE. 


Total. 


Reported by— 


Total. 




% 


Number 


Peroent 
of num- 
bed i, 
ported 

Bj ■■in. 
mere 


lllSlitll- 
tiollS 

for Hie 
blind 


State 

roisters 
of tho 
blind. 


Ubra 
rlea 

for ll.f 

blind. 


Federal 
Board 

for 
\ ooa 
tlonal 

, nil, HI. 


llllli- 

\ Idu i 


Number. 


Peroent 

iiteil. 


K, 

i, irted 

DJ , .ii 

mora- 

1 Ml 






107 


18,154 


0,408 


21.8 


8,117 


3,696 


270 


1 ■ 


178 


in. mi:; 


77.8 








Geographic divisions: 


4,699 

8, :i7 1 

6 1 1 1 
6. 894 
198(1 
1268 
LflOO 
■-», ;i. r .o 


088 

421 

670 

4S7 
47S 

585 

410 
.171 

438 


8,800 
[0,180 
5 470 
5,775 

8,780 

1,499 
2.01K 


i, no 
2,508 
2,184 

03.', 
919 
110 
■172 
107 

888 


81.1 

10 | 

21 1 
11.0 

15.0 

•i i 

27. 2 

10.7 


:isi 
1,210 

514 

866 

303 

172 

2SI 


1,181 
1,180 

..M 

7 
200 


IM 
I2M 

1,1 


10 

24 

M. 
10 

III 

2 
9 


is 

■ 

;i 

7 
12 

i 


1, 1st 

10,258 
1,881 

1,400 

1,707 


80, m 

s.i. :i 

(,-..; 
73. 5 










1,240 










6 


\3 














New England: 


588 
882 

108 
2. 589 

881 

7 HI 

4,20a 

4,091 

8,878 
2 288 
8.244 
1,579 
1,818 

B70 
1, 180 
2,220 

II;, 
211 

Ml, 

1,00.1 

180 
703 
888 

1,101 

(117 

1,280 
507 

1,880 
408 

i.i'.ki 
i, 120 

,i . 
sill 

919 

72,1 
sill) 

1,754 

180 

i.ii 
30 

70(1 
152 

101 

108 

(i 

■10* 

85 1 
1,504 


750 
882 
558 

072 

882 

408 

.ill 
469 

672 
780 
501 

430 

100 

804 
482 

054 

221 

:t;n 
812 
019 

620 

SIM 

508 

442 
4S1 
36fi 

401 

47S 

070 
i.ll 

487 

wo 

524 
408 
424 

828 
808 
154 

7.11 
l , 582 
802 
161 
580 

.11 ',7 
462 
•130 


585 

194 

105 

l , 400 

220 

■137 

10 

717 

2,800 

3,171 
1,005 
2,040 
i 204 
1,120 

736 

i.ii.i 

112 

178 

850 

077 

82 

301 

078 
Bflfl 

•ii, 
508 

100 

1 ! 207 

088 

771 

828 

WIS 

7M 
1,840 

171 
112 
3(1 
113 
400 

!l(. 
137 
II 

802 

2110 

1,827 


2s 

ISS 


.1.0 

88 a 


26 






! 


i 


•101 

337 

100 

..III 

8,280 

1 , S33 

i 140 
i LIS 

713 

880 

i.i' 
i.'i 

820 

- ,'l 

128 

:.U7 

107 

SMI 
440 

848 

sll 
III! 

•«.,, 

080 
800 

i.i 

140 

1,088 

124 
108 
is 
550 

372 
■ 1 

188 
82 

377 
1,051 


SI. 2 

82. a 

s-2. 3 
88.0 

si 2 

B6.7 

SIS 
si. 1 

s: 
si. 7 

M 

88. 8 

. | M 

7.S.4 

ss ,, 
7s. 2 

77.0 

,. ,i 

80 
68 m 

7,'.. 4 



,, . ■ 

lis. 

CIS 

(is.0 

, a 

79.2 
67.4 
58, B 

(•) 

,s II 

70.1 






187 














1,000 

2 

282 

:;:,s 
1,105 

702 
018 

:i i :, 

103 

i :i 
Ills 
i ,i 
33 

88 

18 

IIS 

-.7 
13(1 
.',7 

188 

7S 

211 

1 

III! 

54 

Mil 
102 
00 

50 

01 
27 

II,, 



10 


72. 7 
0.9 

20 1 

10 'i 
41.2 

2J i 

88.0 

Ml 1 

24 '.' 

17.2 

IS 2 
HI .3 

. 

I , , 
12 1 

1 
21.7 
is 

19 ii 
1 

s 1 
18 2 

11 II 

B B 

20 i 

.: 1 
17.0 




781 




a 

i 

13 
14 

IC, 

S 


13 

1 
3 

27 

s" 

21 

9 

ft 

10 

...... 

II ' 










6,1 
071 

180 

340 

857 

IIS 

278 
200 

in, 

OS 

08 

137 
.in 
82 
47 

107 


213 

204 

II , 

881 

208 

no 

7 


III 

si 




Middle Atlantic: 


2,4.10 






2,277 


East North Central: 
Ohio 








I 1 

l 

a 

i 
. 
-■ 

:i 


2.3S7 










West North Central: 


















1,588 
















7 




i 
5 








South Atlantic: 


57 








18 

77 
280 




ll 

:i 
, 

1 
1 


3 

1 

4 

1 



1 






11 

III 










West Virginia 






















MM 

52 

115 
158 
.',ii 
80 

77 

■in 
181 

, 

IS 






2 

1 

■ 

.i 
4 




Harm 








East Sown Central: 
































West Routii CENTRAL: 


10 












•1, 










Mountain: 










1 














Kj 


50 i 

i ■ 

20 i 


18 
70 


1 ' 




1 


...... 








































fM mi : 


100 

177 


27. 
is .1 
13.3 


i,i 
48 

109 


2 
1 


80 

2 


1 
£ 


1 





















' I ■ ifln. It-.:-, all l.llosi. rt-|iiirli-tl l.y niuuni , . \ivpl. I In, a- « In, l.-lul I |..-.i:tl < - 1 .. -. 1 1 1 1 . - . itxllt at lnj- mil V |,ai I lal 1,1m, In.' ol I, limine " I | ■■">' «' | ' ■ 

» i ii, 'i mi.' mil v Hi" ",f ■rt.|ioi i,-,i l.y these agenole \, who retminsi : pirmi mIi.mImIiv; indicating total bUndneu. 

it I'ri r, Ml Mill : liuw M •,. lino Ma- i. I: Ii- ■ I hall IMM. 



16 



THE BLIND IX THE EXITED STATES" 



Table 3.— BLIND POPULATION ENUMERATED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO SEN. COLOR. AND AGE. BY DIVISIONS 

AND STATES: 1920. 



BLLND POPULATION ENUMERATED: 1920. 





Total 
number. 


Num- 
ber per 
1/0 .">•> 
general 
popula- 
tion. 


By seat. 




By color. 








By age at enumeration. 






DIVISION AND STATE. 


Male. 


Female. 


White. 


Netnv.. 


In- 
dian. 


Other 
color- 
ed.! 


Un- 
der 5 

y.u--. 


5to9 10 toll 

years, years. 


15 to 19 20 to 24 
year ? . reels. 


25to44 45to64 
years, years. 


65 vears 

or 

over. 


Age 
not 
re- 
port- 
ed. 




52.567 


497 


30.160 


22.407 


15, 737 


6.302 


488 


40 




1.403 


2,393 


2.419 


2,074 


1 


13.369 


20.447 


613 






Geographic divisions: 


4,699 
9,374 
12,234 
6,111 
6,694 
4,935 
4,253 
1,906 
2,356 


635 
421 

570 
4-7 

416 
571 
423 


2.571 
! - - 
6.965 
3.529 
3.367 
2.904 
2.447 
1 1.169 
1,450 


2,128 
4,116 
5,269 
2,582 
. 323 
2,031 
1.M1 
1 1 
906 


4,617 

■ n 

ii.fi*> 

4.249 
3.411 
3,129 
1.745 
2.202 


i 

1 

- 

26 
37 


13 
10 
62 

' 

10 
"- 
132 
96 


...... 

8 

...... 

3 

21 


31 

53 
62 
47 
79 
42 
28 
13 
12 


102 
241 
301 
159 
229 
145 
127 
51 
48 


163 

516 
257 
346 
249 
225 
93 
86 


182 
408 
520 
245 
336 
276 
209 
96 
97 


159 
375 
409 
222 
383 
194 
210 
61 
61 


694 

1,592 

1.935 

954 

1,401 

904 

772 

288 

407 


1,273 
2,653 
3,268 
1,567 
1 '■• : 
L248 
1,151 
508 
634 


2,032 
3,481 
5,091 
2,592 
2, 229 
1,795 

971 


SB 




118 




1J2 




6* 




74 






West South Central 

Mountain 

Pacific 


51 

25 


New England: 

Maine 

New Hampshire 


5S3 
382 

195 

2,5-'9 

231 

719 

4,205 
1,075 
4,094 

3.373 
2.223 
3.246 
1.579 
1,313 

870 

1,159 

2.226 

145 

211 

405 

1,095 

139 
763 
358 

1,161 
647 

1,230 
597 

1,336 
463 

1,640 

1.429 

1,026 

840 

919 

725 

860 

1,754 

ISO 
131 

30 
706 
552 
101 
165 

41 

49$ 

354 

1,504 


■ 

862 

553 

672 

3S2 

521 

405 
341 
469 

672 
759 
501 
430 
499 

364 

654 
224 
331 
312 
619 

623 
526 
S18 
503 
442 
431 
355 
461 
47? 

679 
611 

437 
469 

524 
403 
CM 

376 

32S 
303 
154 
751 

'302 
367 
530 

367 
452 
439 


317 
213 
102 

113 
436 

2,254 

598 

2,408 

2,199 

1,814 
894 
801 

532 
659 

1.221 
B 
127 
229 
674 

91 
447 
135 
691 
376 
690 
334 
790 
263 

96S 
S44 
590 
502 

520 
418 
510 
999 

12-2 
74 
21 
444 
332 
63 
89 
24 

293 
218 
939 


266 
169 
93 
1.199 
118 

1,951 

479 

1.686 

1.674 
966 

1,432 

685 

I 

500 

1,005 

53 

84 

176 
421 

4- 
316 
173 
470 
271 
540 
263 
546 
200 

672 
535 
436 
338 

399 
307 
350 
755 

53 
57 
9 
262 
220 
33 
76 
17 

205 
136 
565 


579 

332 

195 

2,528 

225 
70S 

4. OSS 
1,004 
3,S93 

3.645 

2.126 
3,097 
1.536 
1,265 

838 

1,139 

2,029 

143 

182 

3S5 

1,012 

108 
558 

249 
6S7 
609 
825 
287 
651 
275 

1.34S 

1.100 

562 

401 

702 
354 
696 

n 

138 
130 

26 
681 
504 

84 
163 

19 

464 
339 

1,399 


4 




2 


1 
5 
3 
72 
3 
■ 

103 
41 
97 

89 
44 
■>1 
55 
32 

44 
13 
35 
7 
5 
19 
36 

5 

9 
4 
-. 
-' 
60 
20 
60 
24 

-. 
19 

- 

-" 
19 
2S 
56 


6 
5 
121 
6 
23 

231 
49 
173 

169 
64 

130 
91 
62 

53 
52 

"- 
12 
13 
19 
50 

12 
5 
50 
45 
89 
22 
85 
34 

" 

89 
53 
31 

42 
25 
45 
113 

2 

9 


9 
11 

8 
117 
11 
26 

39 
165 

159 
67 

143 
88 

63 

50 
50 
68 
8 
12 
14 
43 

1 
20 

6 
53 
56 
121 
27 
76 
26 

64 

103 

5S 
51 

46 
36 
41 
86 

5 
9 

1 
25 

-- 

■s 

36 
23 
38 


19 
11 

5 
91 

8 
25 

160 

173 

129 
69 

105 
59 
i7 

41 
4- 
67 
9 
13 
13 
31 

30 
8 
55 
39 
109 
30 
84 
20 

62 
52 
44 
36 

29 
39 
46 
96 

11 

5 
....... 

22 

4 
7 

20 

7 


86 
56 
11 

330 
36 

125 

671 

■ -• 
733 

606 
333 
526 
266 
199 

143 
164 
359 
25 
29 
70 
164 

23 
164 

80 
232 
136 
236 
146 
2S5 

99 

298 
259 
192 
155 

180 
130 
157 
305 

32 
18 
14 
102 
68 
15 
36 
3 

92 
64 
251 


103 
58 
IS 

49 

176 

1.213 

.-: 
1,153 

1,009 

411 

353 

186 
302 
645 
33 
49 
104 
248 

41 
1 - 

305 
152 
225 
136 
» 
104 

445 
351 
274 
178 

203 
237 
457 

56 
35 
5 
216 
130 
24 
33 
9 

135 
S3 
416 


-"■ 
132 
93 
1.055 
110 
307 

1,541 

405 

1,535 

1,642 

1,343 

539 

338 
515 
943 
48 
84 
158 
506 

55 
299 
146 
410 
186 
360 
200 
425 
148 

610 
492 
348 
345 

330 
255 

237 
613 

68 
47 
9 
320 
213 
40 
53 
21 

170 
132 
669 


11 
3 








4 

3 

7 

19 
13 
21 

24 
7 
14 

8 

4 
14 
2 

4 
6 
5 

1 
7 
1 

14 
8 

17 
7 

- 
3 

u 

15 

3 
5 

8 

12 

1 


3 


Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 

Connecticut 

Middle Atlantic: 


4 
10 

114 
68 
194 

221 
95 

144 
29 
6 

4 
19 
195 

6 

33 

31 
205 
109 
471 

33 
397 
308 
635 
i 

291 
326 
461 
436 

215 
367 
92 
373 

2 

21' 

1 
1 

r 

3 
33 


6 
2 

1 

6 
3 

...... 

5 
13 
12 

-- 
1 
2 
2 
29 
14 






1 

7 
...... 


28 

n 


Now Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East North Central: 

Ohio 


ii 

44 

46 
28 


Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin. 

West North Central: 


33 

lb 

3 




11 


Missouri 


37 




2 




2 




12 


South Atlantic: 






1 


Maryland 






10 






4 


Virginia. 

West Virginia. 


2 


1 


20 


7 
2 


1 


13 




9 




12 


Florida 

East South Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 


1 

1 
3 
3 
3 

2 

1 
71 
3 

40 

1 
4 
- 
46 
16 


...... 

. 1 
1 




28 
16 
29 




9 


West South Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Trtahn 


3 
13 
14 
16 

1 


Wvoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico 


...... 

1 


1 
1 
6 




9 
26 
5 
3 


15 

1 
15 
2 

25 

•27 
34 


6 
3 


Utah 


2 
21 

29 


4 


2 




3 


Pacific: 




12 
13 








3 


California 


56 


16 


7 


32 



Includes chiefly Chinese and Japanese. 



BLIND POPULATION ENUMERATED. 



17 



Table 4. 



-BLIND POPULATION ENUMERATED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO RACE, AGE, AND SEX, FOR THE 

UNITED STATES: 1920. 



Total 

Under 1 year 

1 to 4 years 

5 to 9 years 

10 to 14 years 

15 to 19 years — 

20 to 24 years.... 
25 to 29 years.... 
30 to 34 years.... 
35 to 39 years.... 
40 to 44 years.... 

45 to 49 years 

50 to 54 years 

55 to 59 years — 

60 to 64 years 

65 to 69 years.... 

70 to 74 years — 

75 to 79 years 

80 to 84 years 

85 years or over. . 
Age not reported 



BLIND POPULATION ENUMERATED AT POPULATION CENSUS: 1920. 



4, 591 
3,538 
3,336 



201 

811 

1,353 



1,982 

2,271 
2, 354 



2, 178 

1,834 

1,541 

352 



1,107 
1,364 
1,736 
1,904 

2,071 
2, 1 13 
1,704 



1, 255 
2,167 
2,167 



4,054 
4,135 
3,193 



Other colored. 1 



Molo Fe " Both 
sexes. iyiale - male, sexes 



n i 



1 Includes chiefly Chinese and Japanese. 



96285°— 23 2 



18 



THE BLIND IN THE UNITED STATES. 



Table 5— BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING 

TO RACE, NATIVITY, AND SEN, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1920. 



BLIND POPULATION" FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED: 1920. 





All classes. 








White. 
















Colored. 










DIVISION AND STATE. 


Total. 


Native. 


Foreign-born. 


Total.' 


Negro. 


i 


Male. 






Both 
sexes. 


Male. 


Fe- 
male. 


Both 

sexes. 


Uak . 


Fe- 
male. 


Both 
sexes. 


Male. 


Fe- 
male. 


Both 

sexes. 


Male. 


Fe- 
male. 


Both 
sexes. 


Male. 


Fe- 
male. 


Both 
asm. 


Male. 


Fe- 
male. 


Both 
sexes. 


Fe- 
male. 


United States 


40.013 


23,977 


16,936 


36,640 


21,33015,310 


30,313 


17,451 12,802 


6,327 


3,879 


2,44S 


4,273 


2,647 


1,626 


8,988 


2,442 


1,494 


BBS 


1-2 


126 


Geographic divisions: 


4,181 

:. an 

10, 253 
4,881 

4,594 
3,371 
2,716 
1,400 
1,707 


2,311 
4,430 
5,924 

2, 905 
2. 778 
2.i '.2 
1,611 
887 
1,069 


1,873 
8,377 
4,329 
1,976 
1,816 
1,309 
1,105 
513 
888 


4,108 
7,510 
9. 797 
4,614 
3,122 
2,471 
2,105 
1,291 
1,612 


8,277 

4,243 
5,064 
2,747 

i,S7r 

1,476 

1,231 

820 

1,012 


1,831 

3,267 

4,143 

1.--7 

1,252 

1,000 

B74 

476 

600 


3,004 
6,824 
8,012 
3,79 
3.ni <i 
2,427 
1,980 
1.067 
1,208 


1,636 
.3,225 
4,508 

2,2a 

i 79S 
1,443 

1,153 
668 
742 


1,368 
.2,599 
3.444 

i ! 2 e 

984 

399 
461 


1,104 
1,088 
1,788 

828 
122 
49 
115 
229 
409 


641 
1,108 
1,081 

526 
75 
33 
78 
152 
270 


463 
888 

699^ 
302 
47 
16 

37 

139 


76 
297 
456 
267 

1,472 
988 
611 
104 
95 


34 

1-7 
270 
158 
908 
586 
380 
67 
57 


42 
110 
186 
109 
564 
309 
231 
- 

3- 


65 

1,458 

-7 
■'■\ 
23 
24 


31 
185 
245 
131 

981 
581 
346 

12 
12 


34 
108 
160 

89 
559 
306 
215 

11 

12 


U 

3 
44 

47 
12 

- 
45 

7- 
60 


3 

2 
19 
87 
- 
5 
30 
54 
M 


8 


Middle Atlantic 

East North Central 

West North Central 

South Atlantic 

East South Central 

West South Central 


1 
25 
20 
4 
3 
15 
24 




26 






New England: 


491 
337 
152 
2,381 
190 
633 

3.414 

921 

J, 472 

3,269 
1,833 
2,698 
1,346 

1,112 

713 
965 
1,742 
121 
152 
329 
BG8 

123 
597 
197 
BB4 

440* 
853 
34S 
841 
301 

1,236 
966 
669 
500 

625 

154 

549 

1,088 

124 
103 

18 
559 
372 

54 
138 

32 

377 

276 

I. 64 


281 
189 

84 
1,267 

97 
393 

1,865 

517 

2,048 

1,881 

1,0m? 
1,52/ 

676 

459 
561 
984 
73 
95 


210 

14- 

68 

1,114 
93 
240 

1,549 

404 

1,424 

1,388 

770 

1,167 

568 

436 

254 
404 

4- 
57 
135 


480 
337 
152 
2,823 
184 
624 

3,320 

870 

3,320 

8,071 
1,758 

2.577 
1,308 
1,078 

692 

949 

1,008 

119 
134 
316 
796 

98 
448 
156 
542 
414 
610 
194 
463 
197 

1,028 
770 
389 
289 

511 
241 
452 
901 

99 
102 

536 
345 

136 
14 

350 
263 
999 


281 
ISO 
84 

1.24' 

95 
388 

1,804 

481 

1,968 

1,763 
1,022 

1.4---: 

752 
660 

448 

551 
908 

s 

188 

49- 

64 

273 
96 
350 
252 
337 
117 
269 
112 

611 
469 
221 
175 

286 
149 
276 

520 

69 
56 
12 
356 
206 
34 

15 

210 
164 
638 


-- 
14- 

68 
1,082 

89 
236 

1,516 


427 
279 
128 
1,583 
121 
459 

2,441 
887 


244 

157 
70 

817 
64 

284 

1,331 

354 

1,540 

1,505 
939 

1,172 
541 
411 

268 
452 
824 
34 
57 
146 
440 

61 
237 

78 
340 
249 
336 
117 
8B 
108 

594 
463 
216 
170 

285 
129 
258 
481 

44 

4- 

g 

278 
201 
20 
59 

9 

161 
139 
442 


183 
122 

58 
765 

65 
175 

1,110 

313 

1,176 

1,144 
691 
900 
425 
284 

160 

634 
29 
37 

108 

888 

31 

147 
H 
190 
162 
271 

195 
79 

408 
297 
167 
112 

224 
83 
172 

358 

27 

41 
5 
147 
133 
- 
36 
2 

122 
80 
259 


62 
58 
24 

740 
55 

165 

879 
203 
604 

427 
US 
505 
342 

2-4 
KM 

151 

.V. 
40 
67 

B8 
6 

J2 
12 
1 

3 


32 
14 

423 
31 

104 

473 
127 
418 

258 
83 
285 
211 
249 

180 
99 
84 
B 
25 
42 
58 

1 

36 
18 
10 
1 


25 
26 
10 
317 
24 
61 

406 
76 
189 

169 
45 
220 
131 
134 

84 
65 
67 
18 
15 
25 
28 

3 

28 
4 
2 

2 


2 




- 








2 




2 


New Hampshire 






























59 
6 

9 
94 

51 
152 

193 
75 
1 U 

SB 
34 

:: 

II 

ta 

2 

1- 
13 
84 

2" 

14. 

41 

352 
26 
243 
154 
37- 
KM 

211- 

!.- 
2- 
211 

114 

2: 

■7 
187 

I' 
1 
1 

23 

27 
7 
2 

18 

27 

13 


27 
2 

5 

61 
36 
90 

11- 
41 

69 

a 
u 

11 

10 

70 
1 

13 
1 

41 

15 
94 
25 

212 
14 

147 
94 

243 
64 

126 
133 
179 
148 

69 
124 

63 
124 

20 

i 

12 
20 
5 
2 

7 

15 
11 
31 


32 

4 
4 

33 
15 

BB 

75 
34 

47 

12 

1- 

u 

8 

57 

1 
S 

7 

23 

U 

55 
16 
140 
12 

96 
60 
135 

ft 

82 
63 
101 
88 

45 
89 
34 
63 

5 
1 


53 

4 
- 

92 
51 
IGC 

187 

74 

111 

27 

1 

4 
132 


25 28 

1 3 
5 3 

60 32 
36 15 
89 61 

113 74 
40 34 

• 
19 8 
5 1 

2 2 
10 5 


B 

2 

1 

2 


2 

1 

1 






1 




1 


Middle Atlantic: 


1 








1,362 2.716 


1 


1 




East North Central: 


1,313 
736 

1,120 
5GB 

41? 

2+4 
888 
701 
47 
52 
12- 

m 

34 
175 

Bfl 
192 
162 
273 

77 
194 

S3 

07 

301 
168 
114 

225 
92 
176 
881 

30 

48 

5 

ISO 

139 
13 
61 
2 

140 
99 
361 


2,649 

1,630 

SLOTS 

888 

695 

428 
7v, 
1,458 
63 
94 
249 
709 

92 
384 
134 
530 
411 
■■- 
194 
461 
187 

LOB 

m 

383 

:-: 

509 
212 
430 
839 

n 

89 
14 

425 
334 

.- 
95 
11 

283 
219 
701 




Indiana 

Illinois 


1 
5 
10 

■ 

17 

1 
1 
2 
1- 

4 


i 

1! 

9 

i 

13 

4 




4 
4 




17 


West North Central: 


8 




1 




1 




1 










G 




'4 

25 

149 
41 

349 
26 

235 

152 

103 

207 
193 
277 
210 

113 
209 

y 

lv 

1 


- 
41 

15 
94 

25 
210 

14 
141 

94 
243 

" 

125 
130 
179 
147 

69 
120 

37 
120 

1 


8 

23 

10 

55 
16 
139 

12 
•4 
58 
135 
40 

; : 

K 

63 

44 
H 

19 

•23 


4 








South Atlantic: 


79 
367 


44 

230 
















District of Columbia 








562 332 
266! 174 
4M 369 


2 


2 










2 




2 




2 




512 

176 

737 
602 
400 
323 

355 
273 
339 
644 

-9 
56 
13 
368 
226 
39 

If 

225 
175 
669 


329 
125 

499 
364 
269 
177 

181 
210 
444 

as 

47 
5 
191 
146 
15 
61 
13 

162 

101 
385 


B 

10 

26 
10 
6 

: 

: 

29 
22 
62 

28 

13 

HI 
11 
19 
41 

3 

67 
44 


4 

17 
1 

5 
5 

2( 
18 
39 

25 
t 

7* 
5 
14 
16 
3 

49 
25 
196 


2 
6 

9 

4 
'. 

1 

4 
23 

3 

5 

""33 
1 

5 
25 

U 

19 
102 






1 

1 
3 
3 

1 

1 
1 
40 
3 

24 
1 

2 
25 
6 
2 
17 

23 
10 
27 


1 
3 

i 

i 

19 

i 

1 

19 

- 
7 

13 

- 
13 




East South Central: 










3 






West South Central: 


1 









14 






Mountain: 


5 




1 














2 


19 
1 
1 


10 

1 


B 

i 


1 




6 




1 








11 

12 

2 

24 


1 

2 




1 
2 


10 


Pacific: 


10 




2 




. 


12 


10 


1* 







Includes 29 other colored, chiefly Chinese and Japanese, as well as Negroes and Indians. 



SEX, RACE, NATIVITY, AGE, MARITAL CONDITION. 



19 



Table 6 —BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO 
AGE AND SEX, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1920. 



BLIND POPULATION FOE WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WEEE RETURNED, BT AGE: 1920. 



United States. 

Male 

Female 



Geogp.aphic Divisions 



New England . 

Male 

Female... 



Middle Atlantic. 

Male 

Female 



East North Central. 

Male 

Female 



West North Central. 

Male 

Female 



Eouth Atlantic. 

Male 

Female 



East South Central. 

Male 

Female 



West South Central . 

Male 

Female 



Mountain . . . 
Male.... 
Female. 



Pacific 

Male.... 
Female. 



NEW ENGLAND. 



Maine 

Male.... 
Female. 



New Hampshire. 

Male 

Female 



Vermont 

Male.... 
Female. 



Massachusetts 

Male 

Female... 



Rhode Island . 

Male 

Female.... 



Connecticut. 
Male.... 
Female.. 



MID1M.K ATLANTIC. 



New Jersey.. 

Male 

Female.. 



Pennsylvani 
Male.... 
Female. 



40,913 
23,977 
16,936 



10,253 
.5,924 
4,329 

4,881 
2,905 
1,976 



3,371 

■:, iMi2 
J, 309 

2,716 
1,611 
1.105 



3,414 
1,KU5 
1,549 

921 

517 
404 

3,472 

■J, (MS 
1,424 



10 to 15 to 

14 
years, years. 



21 


10 


58 

05 
53 


123 

78 
45 



55 1 .-, 
39 

year;. 



133 

63 


140 
64 


ITS 
126 
52 


146 
90 
56 


75 
53 
22 


71 
56 
18 



55 10 

59 
year,. 



2.. ^2 
1,827 
1.015 



60 lo 
64 

year-. 



3,242 3,443 
910 2,039 
332 : 1,404 



75 to 

79 

yeai.-. 



20 



THE BLIXD IX THE EXITED STATES. 



Table 6. 



;lixd population for whom special schedules were returned, classified according Tf) 

AGE AXD SEX. BY DIVISIONS AXD STATES: 1920— Continued. 







BUM) POPtTATIOX FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDCIXS WXRE EETrRXED. *Y 




1920. 










DIVISION AXD ST AT 
BBS. 


Total. 


V:-- 

■: .- 


1 to 

4 

ynan. 


■' 


10 to 
14 

(ream 


15 to 
19 

para 


20 to 

24 
years. 


25 to 30 to 

29 34 
years, years. 


35 to 
39 


40 to 
44 

yearn 


45 to 50 to 

49 54 
years, years. 


55 to 
59 

years. 


60 to 
64 

yeaa. 


» 


70 to 

74 
years. 


n 

rears. 


80 to 

S4 
years. 


■• 
years 

or 
over. 


no- 
re- 

ed. 


EAST XORTH OORKAl 


3,269 
£881 

1.S33 
1,063 

- 

2,693 

SB 
1,167 

1,346 

77« 
568 

1,112 
676 
436 

713 
459 
254 

965 
561 
404 

1,742 

758 

121 
73 
48 

152 
95 
57 

194 
135 

859 
539 
320 

123 
79 

44 

597 

■■'- 
230 

197 

:.: 

76 

9M 

332 

440 

174 

853 

369 

348 
211 
137 

841 
512 
329 

301 
176 
125 




14 

9 

1 
2 

1 

10 
6 
4 

5 

2 

6 

11 

4 

2 
2 


80 
41 
39 

29 
22 

7 

72 
35 
37 

24 
22 

29 
22 

" 

41 

.. 
19 

- 
> 
4 

30 

17 
13 

i 

3 

4 
3 

14 

7 
7 

26 
15 
11 

5 
3 
2 

7 
5 
2 

1 

1 


158 

BE 
72 

52 
27 
25 

43 

45 

60 
36 

21 

53 
30 

- 

a 
.. 

49 

-. 
27 

11 

4 

8 
3 
5 

1* 
11 

4.5 
31 
14 

4 
4 


151 

"- 
73 

60 
35 
25 

US 

SB 

Bt 

41 
43 

59 
33 
28 

43 
34 
9 

I 

B 

30 

- 

2 

5 

11 

3 

13 
8 
5 

39 
18 

21 

1 
1 


115 
59 
56 

63 

33 

«6 
40 
46 

- 
37 
15 

39 

21 
IS 

36 

21 
15 

42 
26 
16 

53 
32 

21 

9 
3 
6 

13 
10 
3 

11 

7 
4 

24 
13 
11 

6 
5 

26 

IS 
B 

4 
2 
2 

4S 
30 
18 

27 
15 
12 

95 
4S 
37 

16 
10 
6 

62 
37 
25 

10 
5 
5 


HE 

61 

44 

59 
35 
24 

88 

53 
35 

61 

38 


113 
61 
52 

64 
36 

28 

95 
54 
41 

38 

24 


166 
103 
63 

S4 
51 
33 

123 

n 

45 

62 
40 
22 

- 
24 

■ 

a 

17 
11 

34 

17 
17 

100 
66 
34 

6 
5 

1 

5 

1 

21 
12 
9 

33 

17 
16 

6 
6 

42 
27 
IS 

15 
11 
4 

.-- 

19 
13 

4: 

s- 

18 

27 
17 
10 

57 
40 
17 

-- 
12 
9 


127 
43 

89 

56 

143 
97 
46 

67 
40 
27 

a 

36 
16 

- 

15 

10 

a 

23 

37 
34 

3 
3 

6 

4 
2 

13 
9 
4 

45 
32 
13 

6 

41 
27 
14 

5 
2 

55 

35 
20 

29 
16 
13 

43 
26 
17 

25 
17 
8 

46 
31 

15 

19 

13 
6 


:■ l 

13S 
66 

UB 

61 
42 

157 
97 
60 

1 

a 
a 

41 
31 

- 

23 
3 

- 
16 

128 
! 
46 

4 
2 
2 

9 

8 

13 
9 

4 

4» 
34 
14 

10 
6 

4 

40 
26 
14 

12 
9 

3 

i 
47 
19 

28 

11 

50 
35 

' 

11 
6 

42 
30 
12 

13 
10 
3 


171 
109 
62 

152 
89 
63 

153 
104 
49 

78 
46 
32 

52 
38 
14 

41 
30 
11 

60 
43 
17 

102 
61 
41 

5 
2 

12 
11 

12 

- 
4 

43 
30 
13 

35 

2> 

8 

i 

43 
29 
14 

24 
11 
13 

32 
21 
11 

28 

- 
8 

57 
3S 
19 

19 
9 
10 


217 
145 
72 

127 
78 
49 

208 

125 

• 

94 

61 

33 

90 
46 
34 

36 

21 
15 

73 

• 
35 

53 

. 

10 

- 

29 
19 
10 

53 

5 

50 
B 
12 

20 
14 
6 

50 
33 

25 

a 

- 

22 
15 

19 

- 

25 
la 

11 


276 
153 

123 

14S 
So 
63 

206 
115 
31 

92 
56 
38 

95 

57 
39 

4S 
35 
13 

74 
41 
33 

164 
97 
67 

11 
9 
2 

4 
3 

1 

24 
16 

54 
30 
24 

13 
9 
1 

43 

29 
14 

20 
12 

8 

68 

46 
22 

26 
11 
15 

32 

17 
15 

24 
14 
10 

46 

29 

17 

22 
12 
10 


324 
143 

103 
69 

245 
148 
97 

97 
51 
46 

a 

47 
35 

53 
38 

" 

51 
34 

) 

113 
65 

3 
13 
6 

42 

25 

69 

48 

21 

13 

a 

53 

--• 

24 

20 
10 

10 

59 
46 
13 

33 
21 

- 

54 
27 
23 

27 

- 

20 
I 


276 
171 
105 

1S3 
100 
83 

242 

121 
121 

112 
71 
41 

53 
32 

43 
29 
14 

- 

■ 
94 
64 

6 

4 
2 

10 

8 
2 

25 
14 
11 

74 
50 
24 

11 

4 

63 
40 
23 

17 
9 

s 

69 
39 
30 

21 
13 

8 

53 
27 
26 

2S 
18 
10 

61 
34 

27 

25 
16 
9 


305 

::. 

133 

IS! 
UB 
72 

240 

S 

114 
i 
49 

97 
60 

37 

90 

47 
43 

163 

a 

- 

4 
2 

- 

12 
5 

7 

29 
18 
11 

102 
67 
35 

15 

9 
6 

49 

22 
27 

10 

: 

82 
47 

35 

36 

-■ 
11 

35 
18 

17 

-. 
12 
10 

"- 
-- 

19 
1 
U 


246 
123 
123 

136 
*0 
56 

176 
95 
81 

93 

45 

111 
69 

42 

3 

62 
34 

28 

130 
60 
70 

4 

2 
2 

7 
4 
3 

16 
9 

7 

51 
27 

i 

34 

15 
19 

12 
10 

. 

51 
30 

21 

16 
10 

33 
16 
17 

20 

: 

10 

-• 

10 
19 

9 

1 
• 


196 
102 
94 

106 
SI 

i 

177 

J 
101 

82 
34 
48 

59 

31 
28 

32 
23 

88 

33 

87 
39 
48 

11 

6 
5 

12 
5 

7 

17 
6 
11 

57 
28 
29 

6 

3 

23 
9 
14 

9 
5 

51 

26 
25 

12 

14 

a 

16 

6 

: 

44 

17 
9 
8 


SB 








16 




a 




u 




ii 




21 




14 




7 




in 


vSe ".v.:::: "."".::::::: 












- 




17 

35 
16 

19 

31 
21 
10 

SB 
29 
29 

10 
5 
5 

8 
3 
5 

14 

8 
6 

24 
13 
11 

2 

1 

26 
16 
10 

6 
11 

43 

25 
18 

29 
17 
12 

44 

28 
16 

:- 
15 
3 

50 
35 
15 

14 
9 


U 

13 

30 
20 
10 

30 
14 
16 

59 

34 

-• 

3 
1 

2 

5 
3 
2 

13 
6 

7 

30 
16 
14 

5 
2 
3 

33 

21 
12 

5 
2 
3 

44 

31 
13 

21 
10 
11 

31 
20 
11 

23 
15 

8 

33 

16 

19 
10 
9 


3 




5 


WEST NORTH ( 1 • 


3 




3 






Iowa 






7 






Missou 


1 
..... 


6 

4 
2 

2 
2 


19 




5 




14 




1 














2 

2 


, 




1 










5 
2 
3 

5 
2 
3 

1 

1 












Kansa 


10 




9 




1 


SOCTH ATLANTIC. 


1 








1 






- 
1 

1 

1 


5 
3 

5 
5 


16 

9 

- 

4 
1 
3 

41 

2> 
9 

107 
65 

42 

13 

8 

' 

54 

- 
10 


6 


~E£::::::::::::::::::::::: 


1 

3 




3 




1 




2 




1 
1 


8 
6 

: 

6 
3 

6 
5 

1 

3 

2 

1 

9 

3 
6 


:■ 
7 
8 

14 
9 
5 

42 

-- 
18 

11 
5 
6 

29 
20 
9 

' 

9 
6 


38 
25 
13 

37 
22 
15 

41 
34 

10 
3 

7 

64 

42 
22 

27 
22 
5 


17 




7 




10 
















12 


Male 

Female. 


7 
1 


Male 

Female 


9 


Sale 

Female 


4 
2 


Male 






1 








1 



SEX, RACE, NATIVITY, AGE, MARITAL CONDITION. 



21 



Table 6.— BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO 
AGE AND SEX, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1920— Continued. 



EAST SOUTH CENTBAL. 

Kentucky 

Male 

Female 

Tennessee 

Male 

Female 

Alabama 

Male 

Female 

Mississippi 

Male 

Female 

WEST SOUTH CENTRAL. 

Arkansas 

Male 

Female 

Louisiana 

Male 

Female 

Oklahoma 

Male 

Female 

Texas 

Male 

Female 

MOUNTAIN. 

Montana 

Male 

Female 

Idaho 

Male 

Female 

Wyoming 

Male 

Female 

Colorado 

Male 

Female 

New Mexico 

Male 

Female 

Arizona 

Male 

Female 

Utah 

Male 

Female 

Nevada 

Male 

Female 

pacific. 

Washington 

Male 

Female 

Oregon 

Male 

Female 

California 

Male 

Female 



BLIND POPULATION FOE WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, BY AGE: 



2:, i o 

29 
years. 



50 to 55 to 

54 59 
years.l years 



75 to 

79 

years. 



Hi io 

84 
years. 



22 



THE BLIND IN THE UNITED STATES. 



Table 7— BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING 
TO RACE, NATIVITY, AND AGE, BY DIVISIONS: 1920. 



BLIND POPULATION" FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WEP.E P.ETVRNED. BY AGE: 1920. 



DIVISION AND CLASS OP 
POPULATION. 


Total. 


Un- 
der 1 
year. 


ltol 
years. 


5 to 9 
years. 


10 to 

14 
years. 


15 to 
19 

years. 


20 to 

24 
years. 


25 to 

29 
years. 


30 to 

34 
years. 


35 to 
39 

years. 


40 to 

44 
years. 


45 to 

49 
years. 


50 to 

54 
years. 


55 to 

59 
years. 


60 to 

64 
years. 


65 to 

69 
years. 


70 to 

74 
years. 


75 to 

79 
years. 


80 to 

84 
years. 


85 
years 

or 
over. 


Age 
not 
re- 
port- 
ed. 


United States. 


40,913 


4 1 216 


1,057 


2,044 


2,074 


1,677 


1,636 


1,484 


2,027 


1,972 


2,446 


2,388 


2,842 


3,242 


3,443 


3,479 


3,518 


2,644 


2,300 










36,640 

30,313 
6,327 
4,273 
3,936 
308 


* 

4 


201 
201 


082 

971 
11 
75 
71 
3 


1,902 
1,861 
41 
142 
128 
11 


1,806 

71 
178 
166 

12 


1,609 

1,462 
47 
168 
1.56 
12 


1,464 
1,381 

83 

172 
162 


1,291 
1,177 
114 
193 
181 
11 


1,768 

L683 

205 

250 

248 
9 


1,671 

1,414 
257 
301 
284 
14 


2,114 
1,7x7 
327 
332 
319 
12 


1,623 

435 
325 
313 
12 


-', 537 
j.iC'.h 
499 
305 
281 
23 


2,936 
2,349 
587 
306 
281 
21 


V'."> 
2,400 
695 
348 
311 
33 


3, 157 
2,374 
788 
322 
286 
34 


I.2.S 
2,363 
875 
280 
260 
19 


2,447 
1,778 
669 
197 
174 
22 


2.DI.5 
1,448 
587 
265 
226 
37 








Foreign-bom 

Colored ' 




::::: 


15 
12 
2 


90 


Indian 


12 


Geographic Divisions, 
new england. 


4,184 




23 


90 


161 


167 


144 


138 


127 


181 


181 


239 


239 


315 


342 


352 


378 


452 


344 


265 












4,108 

3,004 

1,104 

76 

65 

11 

7,807 


1 23 

1 » 


89 
88 

1 

1 
1 


160 

153 

7 

1 

1 


166 

155 

11 

1 

1 


141 
128 
13 

! 

325 


135 
119 
16 

5 


126 
100 
26 

1 
1 


177 
137 
40 
4 
3 
1 

371 


178 

134 
44 

3 
3 

381 


233 
163 
70 
6 
5 
1 


231 

148 

83 

8 

8 

476 


308 

217 

91 

7 

6 

592 


3:56 

234 

102 

6 

6 

647 


343 

238 

105 

9 

8 

664 


372 

235 

137 

6 

4 

2 

670 


441 
272 
169 
11 
10 
1 

603 


342 

244 

98 

2 

2 

479 


261 
180 
81 
4 
1 
3 

376 






























MIDDLE ATLANTIC. 




202 


417 


380 


332 


270 










7,510 

5,824 

1,686 

297 

293 

3 




198 

195 

3 

4 
4 


406 
395 
11 
11 
11 


367 
340 
27 
13 
13 


317 

300 

17 

8 

8 


284 
36 
12 
12 


250 
225 
34 
11 
10 
1 

341 


3.57 
280 
68 
17 
16 
1 

477 


3.56 
270 
86 
25 
25 


472 
360 
112 
30 
30 


148 
309 

139 
28 
28 


571 
403 
168 
21 
21 


620 
450 
170 

27 


686 

460 
175 
29 
29 


644 

448 
196 
26 
25 

1 

898 


591 
408 
183 
12 
12 


467 
334 
133 
12 
12 


370 

255 

115 

6 

5 








36 


63 






























EAST NORTH CENTRAL. 




41 


256 


471 


489 


355 


365 


47X 


610 


606 


721 


817 


920 


937 


762 


620 










9,797 

8,012 

1,785 

456 

405 

44 

4,881 




41 
41 


250 

3 
6 
6 


450 
441 
9 
21 
18 
3 

231 


466 
414 
22 
23 
18 
5 

217 


343 
334 
9 
12 
11 
1 

188 


ass 

142 
13 
10 

8 
2 

180 


331 
305 
26 
10 
10 

170 


167 

408 
49 
20 
17 
1 

227 


143 

383 
60 
35 
32 
1 

208 


575 
498 
77 
35 
33 
2 

276 


5H0 
47.5 
103 
26 
25 
1 

277 


686 

555 
130 
39 
36 
3 

336 


783 
629 
151 
34 
30 
3 

379 


874 
684 
190 
46 
44 
2 

448 


857 
630 
227 
41 
33 
7 

402 


-•2 

627 

265 
45 
42 
3 

458 


741 
498 
243 
21 
16 
5 

345 


596 
402 
194 
24 
18 
5 

327 


78 




69 












8 








8 










WEST NORTH CENTRAL. 


1 


33 


134 


44 






White 


4,614 
3,786 
828 
267 
220 
47 

4,594 


1 

1 


31 

31 


130 

127 

4 
3 

1 

139 


224 

222 

2 

7 
6 

1 

268 


208 
206 
2 
9 
8 
1 

294 


1*1 

US 

3 

7 

6 

284 


169 
164 

11 
9 
2 

243 


US 

150 
9 
11 
10 

1 

214 


21s 

203 

1.5 

9 

9 

274 


190 
165 
25 
■ 
15 
3 


2-.1 
230 
24 
22 
19 
3 

277 


260 
207 
53 
17 
15 
2 

253 


317 
264 
53 
19 
15 
4 

262 


364 
296 
68 

15 
11 

1 

294 


424 
323 
101 
24 
16 
8 

329 


375 
273 
102 
27 
25 
2 

348 


488 

312 
126 
20 
17 
3 

327 


328 
217 
111 
17 
14 
3 

209 


307 
182 
125 
20 
13 
7 

219 


36 




35 




1 


Colored 




2 


8 
6 




-' 


2 
36 


2 


SOUTH ATLANTIC. 


50 








3,122 
3,000 
122 
1,472 
1,458 
12 

3,371 


2 
2 


31 
31 


106 
106 


203 
203 


209 
207 
2 
85 
85 


198 

196 
2 
86 
86 


17.5 
174 

68 
68 


137 
136 

1 
77 
76 


171 

3 

100 

99 

177 


160 
152 

8 
112 
110 

1 

171 


165 
163 
2 
112 
112 


128 

125 

4 
124 
124 


174 
166 
8 
88 
87 

224 


206 

199 
6 
89 
88 

262 


227 
203 

24 
102 

99 
3 

246 


254 
229 
25 
94 
91 
3 

278 


248 
233 
15 
79 
79 


1.55 
142 
13 
54 
54 


143 
136 
7 
76 
75 
1 

182 


27 


Native 


26 

1 


Colored 




.5 
5 


33 
33 


65 
64 

1 

179 


23 






EAST SOUTH CENTRAL. 


1 


16 




205 


142 


141 


145 


196 


204 


256 


204 


54 






White 

Native 


2,476 

2,427 

49 

895 

887 

8 
2,716 


1 


U 

13 


76 
76 


166 
165 
1 
13 
13 


187 
186 

18 
18 


111 

111 

"3i" 

31 


98 
97 
1 
43 
43 


99 
99 


116 
116 


109 
108 
1 
62 
61 
1 

130 


120 
118 
2 
76 
75 
1 

178 


130 
127 
3 
74 
74 


152 

148 

4 

72 
72 


199 

195 

4 

63 

62 

1 

237 


180 
176 

66 
65 
1 

204 


222 
214 
8 
.56 
56 

213 


197 

192 

5 

58 
215 


162 
154 
8 
42 
41 
1 

117 


no 

103 
7 
72 
71 
1 

140 


28 


Colored 





3 
3 


12 
12 


46 
45 

1 

116 


61 
61 

158 


26 
26 


Indian 

WEST SOUTH CENTRAL. 






15 


84 


159 


163 


140 


104 


146 


163 


25 






White 

Native 


2,105 
1,990 
115 
611 
561 
45 

1,400 




10 
10 


69 
69 


142 

141 

1 

17 
15 
2 

81 


13S 
135 

22 
79 


124 
123 

1 
16 

12 

4 

4. 


86 
84 

2 
18 
16 

2 

57 


86 
2 
28 
26 
2 

45 


116 
113 
3 
42 
39 
3 

68 


101 
98 

3 
38 
35 

3 


130 
128 
2 
48 
45 
2 

75 


109 
106 
3 
37 
35 
2 

74 


119 
114 
5 
44 
42 
2 

100 


185 
170 
15 
52 
48 
3 

125 


150 
141 
9 
54 
48 
6 

117 


164 
148 
16 
49 
46 
2 

143 


169 
148 
21 
46 
41 

126 


86 
71 
15 
31 
30 

84 


103 
90 
13 

37 
36 

1 

72 


16 


Colored 




5 


15 
12 
2 

29 


9 
9 








MOUNTAIN. 


1 6 


18 






White 

Native 


1,296 
1,067 
229 
104 
23 
78 

1.707 




6 
6 


29 
28 

1 


79 
73 
6 
2 


76 
74 
2 
3 


46 
45 
1 
3 


54 
51 
3 
3 


40 
34 
6 
5 

\ 
56 


67 

58 
9 

1 
1 

91 


47 
43 

5 
3 
2 

90 


73 

16 

2 

...„. 

93 


I 

21 
6 

2 

4 

108 


93 
81 
12 
7 
...... 

126 


115 

27 
10 
4 

6 

139 


110 
77 
33 
7 
2 
4 

163 


132 
104 
28 
11 
2 
8 

149 


122 
91 
31 

4 
1 
3 

144 


71 
56 
15 
13 
3 
9 

100 


59 
45 
14 
13 

4 
9 

99 


9 

9 


Colored 






9 


















2 

77 


3 

80 


i 
50 


3 
76 


9 


PACIFIC. 




10 


35 


21 








1,612 
1,203 
409 
95 
24 
60 




10 
10 


35 
35 


72 
68 

4 
5 


79 

78 

1 
1 


•• 
47 
1 
2 


72 
66 
6 

4 
3 


52 
42 
10 

2 
2 


86 
68 
18 
5 
3 
2 


87 
61 
26 
3 


92 
70 

22 

1 


103 

79 

{ 


118 
90 
28 
8 
2 
5 


129 
88 
41 
10 
2 
6 


152 
98 
54 
11 

""s 


137 
93 
44 
12 

9 


140 

80 

60 

4 

...... 


95 
62 
33 
5 
2 
3 


55 
31 
13 
3 
10 


19 




13 




6 










2 




















2 


:■ 


1 


I 













Includes for the United States 29 other colored, chiefly Chinese and Japanese, as well as Negroes and Indians. 



SEX, RACE, NATIVITY, AGE, MARITAL CONDITION. 



23 



Table 8.— BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING 
TO RACE, NATIVITY, AGE, AND SEX, FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920. 



AGE GROUP. 



BUND POPULATION FOE WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED: 



% Total. 



40,913 



Total.. 

Under 1 year. 
1 to 4 years.. 
5 to 9 years.. 
10 to 14 years 
15 to 19 years 



Total 

r 1 ye£ 

years 

years 
11 yea 
19 yea 

24 yea: 

29 \ CM 
'A VIM 

39 yea 

14 yeai 

tl) yiM 
51 yiM 
r >'.l yi'-: 
64 yea 
69 yea 

70 to 74 years. . . 
75 to 79 years... 
80 to 84 years. . . 
85 years or over. 
Age not reported 



4 I 

216 

1,057 

2,044 

2,074 

1,677 

1,636 
1,484 
2,027 
1,972 

2,446 
2, 3 S3 
2,842 
3,242 
3,443 

3,479 
3,518 

2,614 



1,480 
1,563 
1,264 
1 , 232 
197 



Both Sexes. 



2,'.c,s 
2,537 
2,936 
3,095 



1,381 
1,177 
1,563 
1,414 



2,0,;-, 
2,34'J 
2,400 

2,374 
2,363 
1,778 
1,448 
294 



1,341 



2,647 J 



926 
1,224 
1.276 



1,162 

1,074 

160 



611 

773 

1,010 



Includes 29 other colored, chiefly Chinese and Japanese, as well as Negroes and Indians. 



----- 



THE BLENT) IX THE UNITED STATES. 



",::: --V,7I -.'"- 7I7.<_-.7Z 7i:V7 7 77__>.7. V 7 7. TE If -7 - 77.11 7- 77.7 7.7:7 77.V77?. LA< 

■ ... 




SEX, i: \< i . N vi iyity. \(,i.. m \i;n \i. GONDII n a 






10. D ' M I. Bl INDPOP1 I VTION FOR WHO I 

: Rl r\i, ■ ONDITION I OR 'I III \ I I 











D0OIM «BU i 








rtoali 


• 




Under 


1 1 yearn of one 


OmWr 
Total. 
















Total. Isinele. 








M.vttal 

r«- 
portad. 


MI.I.i ■ 






22,08? 




M- 


v., 








i •.. M 








170 


*' 




182 

23 


1.747 
6 


2.320 




2 


6 

1 




1.626 

1.494 

126 


13.968 


2 


■ 


673 

■ 


122 
21 

27 
36 
2 


229 





99 

10 


6 


204 


Colored: 

Total 






26 

36 
34 

2 





















vhose age was not reported. 



■'. female* whose ace waft not reported. 



- - 



Tablk 11 .—MALE AND FEMALE BLIND PO PI OVER F0 [EDULES 

WBR] 
UNIT! i 







T-VLATIOS 15 TIAi. iLVWEDU 


IX* witr 


: 1920. 




AGE GROUP. 


Male. 


Female. 


Total. 




>:.--.. : 


wid- 
owed. 


— 


Marital 


Total. 


■ogk 


Mam-1. 


owed. 




Marital 




:. 1 


rapcctad. 




22,097 


7.491 




.V K3 


500 


no 


U.4M 


5.474 


X'.V. 


'....71 


m 










1,127 
951 

1,388 

1.292 

1,610 

1,564 ; 

1,910 
2,039 

1,909 
1,955 
1.3X) 

i m 


1,074 

754 

S» 
686 

495 
♦ •1 
444 
324 

165 
101 
46 


6 

244 

1,180 

1.122 

1,064 

625 

414 

67 


11 
13 
18 

73 

133 

244 
31» 
461 

569 

686 




V, 

••■• 

17 

4 
16 
9 

29 
17 

11 
22 

1* 
11 
13 
M 


w: 

M 
613 

m 

M 

m 

1.404 
1,264 


530 

326 
259 

111 

262 

230 

m 


1 

30 

99 

2S9 
245 

CM 

536 

415 
294 
131 

30 


2 
10 

130 
242 

m 

799 

1,049 

969 












46 




62 
65 

'■J 

43 
24 




♦ 
u 

21 
12 

7 

! 






« 










6 










9 
15 
















Age not reported 


29 


4 


42 



>Inetnd«BtlMMwboMat«wa :.::-.: ->•:. 



26 



THE BLIND IN THE UNITED STATES. 



Table 12.— BLIND POPULATION FOE. WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, 
TO AGE WHEN VISION WAS LOST, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 



CLASSIFIED 
1920. 



ACCORDING 



BLIXD POPULATION FOB WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE 2ETURXED: 1920. 



DIVISION AND STATE. 



States... 40,913 



Geog. divisions: 

New England 

Middle Atlantic 

East North Central.. 
West North Central. 

South Atlantic 

East South Central.. 
West South Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 



New England: 

New Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts.. 
Rhode Island . . . 
Connecticut 



4,184 
7,807 

1.1,2-3 

4^594 
3,371 
2,716 
1,400 
1,707 



MrDDLE Atlantic: 

New York 

New Jersey 



E. North Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 



W. North Central 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Dakota... 
South Dakota... 
Nebraska 



South Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District of Columbia 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 



E. South Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 



152 | 

2, 3-1 



3,414 

921 

3,472 



2,693 
1,346 
1,112 



W. South Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming i 

Colorado ' 

New Mexico 

Arizona ! 

Utah J 

Nevada 



Pacific: 
Washington. 
Oregon 

California. .. 



Number losing vision- 



At less than 20 years of age. 



1,282 
2,788 

3,507 
1.7.2 
L806 
1,299 
1,111 
450 
541 



1,060 
838 
M 
507 

411 



2 to | 5 to 

4 9 

years, years 



10 to 
14 

'■'-"■ 



4 


12 




3 


11 


25 


16 


22 


2 


4 


9 


7 


2 





17,341 1,543 3,119 



At 20 to 64 years of age. 



At 65 years of age or over. 



years, years, years, years 



- > to 
50 

':■>'■ 



- >. ■■ 



1,778 

:.. ,:- 
;. K2 
2. J23 
1,877 
l. U8 
L124 



!. OS 

a 

1,570 



- 
»4 1,043 



293 i 313 

237 | 268 

115 159 
183 



60 to 

64 I Total.' 
years. 



3 70 to 
74 
years, years. 



2,195 12,284 



974 
1,394 
2, IIS 
1,013 



';.". 



75 to 

70 
yean. 



age 

so ™< 

over. ed - 

1,619 1,103 



188 MO 

276 I 247 
447 ; 266 
252 113 
135 102 

77 



i Includes those for whom the age of losing vision was not definitely reported, but for whom the period of life when vision was lost could be determined. 



AGE WHEN VISION WAS LOST. 



27 



Table 13.— BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING 
TO AGE AT ENUMERATION AND AGE WHEN VISION WAS LOST, FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920. 



BLIND POPOTATION FOB WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES VEEE EETUENED, BY AGE: 1920. 



Un- 
der 1 to 4 
1 years, 
year. 



5to9 

years. 



15 to 

19 
years. 



20 to 

24 
years. 



30 to 
34 

. years. 



40 to 

44 
years. 



54 
. years 



55 to 

59 
years.; 



70 to 75 to 

74 | 79 
years.! years. 



84 
years. 



Total.™ 

Born blind 

Losing vision in— 
Infancy 

Under 1 year 

1 yoar but under 2 

Age not definitely reported. 

Childhood or youth 

2 to 4 years 

5to9years 

10 to 14 years 

15 to 19 years 

Age not definitely reported. 

Early adult life or prune of 

20 to 24 years 

25 to 34 years 

35 to 44 years 

Age not definitely reported. 

Middle or late middle life 

45 to 54 years 

55 to 59 years 

60 to 64 years 

Age not definitely reported . 

Old age 

65 to 69 years 

70 to 74 years 

75 to 79 years 

80 years or over 

Age not definitely reported. 

Period of life when vision was 
lost not reported 



1,J 

2,478 
1,8 

1,410 



4,160 
2,043 

2,510 
108 



62 84 
22 i 31 

7 i 11 



216 600 
"1 7 



3,479 ,3,518 
5 2T 
1 15 



28 



THE BLIND IN THE UNITED STATES. 



Table 14 BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED. CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO 

RACE, NATIVITY, SEX, BROAD AGE GROUPS, AND AGE WHEN VISION WAS LOST, FOR THE UNITED STATES: 
1920. 







BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM 


SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED: 1920. 


















White. 












Colored 










AGE AT ENUMERATION 


All classes. 




























AND AGE WHEN VISION 
WAS LOST. 


Total. 


Native. 


Foreign-born. 


Total. 1 


Negro. 


Indian. 




Both 

sexes. 


Male 


Fe- 
male. 


Both 
sexes. 


Male 


Fe- 


Borh 
sexes. 


Male. 


Fe- 
male. 


Br,;'. 
sexes 


Male. 


Fe- 
male. 


Both 


Male. 


Fe- 
male. 


Both 
sexes. 


Hale. 


Fe- 
male. 


Both 

sexes. 


Male. 


Fe- 
male. 


All ages 


40. 913 


23,977 


16.936 


36,640 


21.130 


1.5,310 


30,313 


17,4.51 


12,862 


6,327 


3,879 2,448 


4.273 


2.647 


1,626 


3,936 


2,442 


1,494 


308 


182 


126 


Losing vision— 

At less than 20 years 


14,616 

3,978 

2, 215 

554 

1,593 
2,478 
i : 849 
1,410 

539 


8,051 
2,168 

1,094 
284 
S65 

1 , 373 

1.129 

>-l 

254 


6,565 

l.-l i 

1.121 

270 

1.105 
720 
526 

285 


3' 687 

2,110 

1,439 
2,261 

1,217 


7,325 

1 . 981 
I, OSS 

-'.9 

775 

1,244 

1,001 

759 

241 


6,074 
1.706 

: -■ 

251 
664 
1,017 
652 
458 

271 


12, ( •: 
8,571 

2,013 
490 
1,341 
2,100 
1,541 
1,100 

487 


6,927 

1. 122 

1,009 

254 

718 

1,156 

940 

695 

233 


5,716 
1,649 
1,004 
236 
623 
944 
601 
405 

254 


7.56 
116 
97 
30 
98 
161 
112 
117 

2E 


398 
59 

4' 
15 
57 
B8 

61 
64 

8 


158 
1 
51 

41 
73 
51 
53 

17 


1,217 

291 

105 
34 

217 
196 

27 


726 
187 
39 

1.5 
90 
129 
128 
125 

13 


491 
104 
66 
19 
64 
88 
68 
68 

14 


1,118 

-74 

29 
139 
203 
181 

17' 

-■ 


671 
177 
36 
12 
82 
118 
119 
116 

11 


447 
97 
56 
17 
57 
85 
62 
63 

10 


90 
13 
13 
4 
13 
13 
15 
13 

6 


1- 
7 
3 
- 
6 

11 
9 
8 

2 




Born blind 

Less than 1 year.. 


6 
10 


2to4years 

5 to 9 years 

10toi4 years 

15 to 19 years 

Agenotdefinitf-iy 
reported 


7 
2 
6 

4 


At 20 to 64 years of 


17,341 
1,543 
3,119 
3,783 

4,160 
2,043 
2,510 

183 


11.16S 

1.099 
2. 1.57 
.'.'",12 
- : 
1,203 
1,423 

101 


6,173 
444 

962 
1,171 

i ■-: 

840 
1,083 

82 


15,104 
1,313 
2,650 
3,204 
3,649 
1,823 
2,286 

175 


9,660 
920 
1,837 
2,212 
2,231 
1.066 
1,298 

99 


5,444 
393 
BU 
992 

1.41- 
761 
991 

76 


11,73.5 
1.149 
2. 127 
2.440 
2.771 
1,389 
l,70S 

151 


7,368 

804 

1,438 

1.642 

1.653 

7M 

960 

87 


345 

689 

798 

1,118 

605 

64 


3,369 
164 

523 
764 
878 

578 

24 


2,292 
116 
399 
570 
578 
282 
335 

12 


l. (77 
48 
124 
194 
300 
156 
243 

12 


2,237 

--' 

m 

579 
511 
216 

224 


1,508 

179 
320 
400 
342 
137 
128 

2 


729 
51 
149 
179 

169 
79 

96 

6 


2,078 
219 
135 

553 
469 
197 
199 

t 


1,396 

172 
294 
381 
312 
123 
113 

2 


682 
47 
141 
173 
157 
74 
86 

4 


142 
11 

30 
23 
39 
15 
22 

2 


7 

17 

27 
10 
13 




20 to 24 vears 

25 to34 years 

35 to 44 years 

45 to 54 years 

55to59 rears 

60 to 64 years 

Agenotdefinitelv 
reported 


4 
7 
6 
12 
5 
9 

2 


At 65 years of age or 


7,853 
2,196 
2,284 

1,599 
1,619 


4,155 

1,248 

1,247 

B07 

775 


3,608 

947 
1,037 

7". 

•44 


7,148 
1,983 
2,081 
1,484 

1,461 


3,805 

1,136 

1.144 

747 

70 


3,343 

M7 

■- 
7;7 
7". 


5,131 
1,431 
1,604 
1,083 
1,008 


2,716 
815 
820 
545 
481 


2,41.5 2,017 
616 552 
684 577 
.536 403 

522 458 


1,080 

•-: 

m 

291 

228 


928 
231 
253 
201 
230 


705 
212 
203 
115 


360 

112 
103 
60 
66 


355 
100 
100 

55 
92 


641 
194 
190 

107 
136 


321 

105 
97 
56 
57 


320 

-' 
93 
51 
79 


62 
17 
13 
7 
22 


29 

7 
6 
4 
9 




65 to 69 years 

70 to 74 years 

75 to 79 years 

80 years or over. . . 

Age not definitely 

reported 


10 
7 
3 

13 


156 


7* 


78 


139 


n 


70 


LU 


55 


n 


.7 


14 


13 


" 


9 


^ 


14 


6 


8 


3 


3 




At age notreported . . . 


1,103 


603 


500 


089 


540 


449 


m 


44< 


364 


185 


100 


85 


114 


63 


51 


99 


54 


4.5 


14 


8 


6 


UNDER 20 TEARS OP AGE. 














































5,395 


3,007 


2,388 


1,086 


2,776 


2,209 


4,869 


2,706 


2,157 


123 


71 


52 


410 


231 


17. 


377 


216 


161 


2 * 


10 








Losing vision— 

At less than 20 years 


5,284 
2,066 
1,003 
206 
514 
713 
371 
67 

344 


2,948 
1,153 

499 
111 

420 
246 
44 

173 


2, H 

913 

212 

-'■ 
125 
23 

171 


4,884 
1,926 
942 
189 
450 
654 
338 
58 

327 


2.724 

1,067 

47- 

KB 

266 

224 
38 

163 


2,160 
859 

■ ■■ 
87 
1M 
266 

Li! 
20 

164 


4 768 
1,894 

■-■7 
■■ 

824 

•-• 

315 


2,654 
1,048 

>,. 
2.56 

216 
38 

159 


2,109 
846 
455 
v5 
181 
257 
109 
20 

156 


121 
32 
15 
6 

13 
30 
13 


70 
19 

4 
4 
10 
21 
8 


51 
13 
11 

- 
- 
9 

5 


400 
140 
61 
17 
64 
59 
33 
9 

17 


224 
86 
23 
9 
36 
32 
22 
6 

10 


171 
54 

38 

8 
-- 
-7 
11 

a 

7 


367 
134 

15 
56 

.57 
30 


13 


209 

-- 
21 

7 
32 
31 
21 

6 

9 


158 
52 
32 

f 
24 
26 

! 

3 


28 
4 

B 
1 
6 
2 
3 


10 
■ 2 

2 

2 

1 
1 


is 


Born blind 

Lessthanlyear..' 


2 
6 


2 to 4 years 

5 to 9 vears 

10 to 14 years 

15 to 19 years 

Age not definitely 
reported 


4 
1 
2 


12 


4 


8 


4 


1 


3 


At age not reported... 

20 TO 64 TEARS OF AGE. 














no 


51 


4- 


- 


! 


1 


10 


7 


3 


10 


7 


3 


















































Total 


19,709 


12,30! 


7,408 


17,348 


10,704 


6.644 


11.74 


8,953 


.5. Ml 


2,564 


1,751 


803 


2,361 


1,597 


764 


2,225 


1,499 


726 


123 


-7 


36 


Losing vision— 

At less than 20 years 


8,254 
1.732 
1.137 
313 
958 
1,526 
1.259 
1,165 

164 


4,587 
929 
558 

158 
503 

855 
774 
i 

71 


3,667 
BOS 
579 
155 
455 
671 
4v 
426 

93 


1 
1,609 

1.095 
298 
>75 
1,396 
1.113 
1,000 

1.56 


4,141 
S44 
543 
153 
454 
770 
677 
631 

69 


3,401 
765 
.552 
145 
421 
626 
436 
369 

^7 


1..541 

1 - 

2S0 

806 

1,306 

1,043 

909 

14S 


.',. »7« 

604 

144 


8,175 

729 
516 
136 


489 

75 
18 

69 
90 
70 

91 


263 
32 
39 
9 
38 
50 
39 
52 

4 


226 
36 
36 
9 
31 
40 
31 
39 


712 
123 
42 

15 

130 
146 
166 

8 


446 
85 
15 
5 
49 
85 
97 

108 

2 


266 
38 
27 
10 

45 
49 
57 

6 


660 

116 

38 
14 
76 

.. 
136 
154 

6 


412 
79 
14 
5 

45 
77 
90 
101 

1 


248 

37 
24 
9 
31 
43 
46 
53 

5 


49 
6 

4 

7 
9 
10 
10 

2 


32 

1 

7 
6 

1 


17 


Born blind 

Lessthanlyear.. 


3 

1 


2to4years 

5 to 9 years 

10 to 14 vears 

15 to 19 years...... 

Agenotdefinitelv 
reported 


416 390 

5791 330 
65 83 


1 
3 
4 

1 


A 1 20 to 64 vears of age. 

20 to 24 years 

25 to 34 years 

35 to 44 years 

45 to 54 years 

55 to 59 years 

60 to 64 years 

Agenotdefinitelv 
reported 


11,012 
1,321 
2,646 
3,025 
2, 713 
S97 
310 

100 


7,468 

953 

1,850 

2 :;- 

1,764 
535 

-- 

57 


3,544 
36S 
796 
898 
949 
362 
128 

43 


9.390 

1,109 
2,225 

2.34.5 
803 
285 

95 


6,330 

7 s: 

1,558; 

1,781 

1,511 

172 

167 

56 


3,060 
324 
667 
747 
834 
331 
118 

39 


7,396 

978 

1,777 

1,940 

1,769 

627 

224 

81 


4,8791 2,517 

691 287 

1,217 560 

1,330 610 

1, 110 659 

351 276 

131 93 

49| 32 


1,994 
131 
44 8 
588 
576 
176 
61 

14 


1,451 
94 
341 
451 
401 
121 
36 

7 


.543 
37 
107 
137 
17.5 
55 
2.5 

7 


a 

212 
421 
497 
368 

94 
25 

5 


1,138 
168 
292 
346 
253 
63 
15 

1 


484 
44 
129 
151 
115 
31 
10 

4 


1,540 
203 
394 
480 
350 
87 
22 

4 


1,07.5 
162 
270 
333 
237 
58 
14 


465 
41 
124 
147 
113 
29 
8 

3 


72 
9 
24 
14 

"J 

: 


54 
6 
19 
10 
15 
3 
1 


18 
3 

5 

4 
2 
2 

1 


At age not reported. . . 


443 


246 


1971 


416 


233 


183 


345 


196 


149 


71 


Z7 


34 


27 


13 


14l 


25 


12 


13 


2 


1 


1 



Includes 29 other colored, chiefly Chinese and Japanese, as well as Negroes and Indians. 



AGE WHEN VISION WAS LOST. 29 

Table 14.— BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO 
RACE, NATIVITY, SEX, BROAD AGE GROUPS, AND AGE WHEN VISION WAS LOST, FOR THE UNITED STATES: 
1920— Continued. 



AGE AT ENUMERATION 
AND AGE WHEN VISION 
WAS LOST. 



6.5 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER 

Total 

Losing vision— 

At less than 20 years 

of age 

Born blind 

Less than 1 year.. 

lyear 

2 to 4 years 

5to9years 

10 to 14 years 

15 to 19 years 

Age not definitely 
reported 

At 20 to 64 years of age. 

20 to 24 years 

25 to 34 years 

35 to 44 years 

45 to 54 years 

55 to 59 years 

60 to 64 years 

Age not definitely 
reported 

At 65 years of age or 

over 

65 to 69 years 

70 to 74 years 

75 to 79 years 

80 years or over. . . 

Age not definitely 

reported 

At age not reported... 
Age not reported. 



BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED: 1920. 



6, 223 
210 
451 

739 
1,424 

1,136 

2. ls.j 

78 



2,582 
72 
158 



3,«3 
942 

1,1)3'! 
7X7 
838 

73 

191 



5,103 
1,425 
1, l')5 
1,073 
1,002 

108 



Negro. 



1 Includes 29 other colored, chiefly Chineseand Japanese, as well as Negroes and Indians. 

Table 15.— MALE AND FEMALE BLIND POPULATION 15 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHED- 
ULES WERE RETURNED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO AGE WHEN VISION WAS LOST AND MARITAL CON- 
DITION, FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920. 



AGE WHEN VISION WAS LOST. 



Under 20 years . 



Under 5 years ' 

5 to 9 years 

1 to 14 years 

15 to 19 years 

Childhood or youth (age not defi- 
nitely reported) 



20 years or over. . . 

20 to 24 years . 
25 to -14 years i 
45 to 64 years < 
65 years or ove 



Age not reported . 



BUND POPULATION 15 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED: 1920.' 



1,099 
4,815 
5, 254 
4,155 



I'.li-IS 

3,1x2 

2,141 



I Marital 

DI- condi- 

vorced. tion not 

: reported. 



5,124 



2,162 
3,567 
3,698 



Includes those whose age was not reported. 

Includes those who were reported as having lost their vision in infancy but without statement as to exact age. 

Includes those who were reported as having lost their vision in earlier years of adult life but without statement a* to exact age. 

Includes those who were reported as having lost their vision in middle or late middle life but without statement as to exact age. 

Iucludes those who were reported as having lost their vision in old age but without statement as to exact age. 



Marital 
condi- 
tion not 
reported. 



30 



THE BLIND IN THE UNITED STATES. 



Ta£u: 16.— BLEfD POPULATION FOR WHOM SF- _ _ ^TURNED. CI 

t: ?.z?:?.n: at-i :j ;:.:^::"i- iy iyismoo a:-: states _-•:■ 



.TT. _i.7V. ■ .• •- 




-'■ .- .".■ < ■■-. 



■.: : t:;; : :-_ ;': 



■ 
■ 


V 


a 


r 


■ 


V 


«4 


>■ 


v 


-:- 




a 


I 


■ 


'■: 


u 


Hi 




■I 


» 




os 


•>• 


la 


IB 


m 


s- 


a 


■ 


K 


a 


- 


B 


a 


a 


r 


:- 


-' 


c 


a 




•a 


.'- 


fei 


- 


7* 


- 


a 


■ 


■ 


• 


r ; 


>■■ 


-.. m 


■I 


** 


■ 


■ i 


'- 


-' 






:-■ 




■ 


B 


- 


-"• 


r . 


to 


■ 


a 


■ 


■ 


■ 


a 


-• 


. j,: 


v: 




• 


IB 


'•- 


• 


Ml 


: M 


r ~- 


5*5 



I 
-4 i 

- 
: 



4 .. 
- 




;■ 


■- 


« 


r 






-■- 


:-: 


- 




a 


:• 


'■. 


J 


:•■ 


;•: 




U 


*-: 


a 


V 


D 


:■■: 


■ 


■ 


K 


-.- 


a 


•:■ 


a 


v 


'1" 




'■ 


■-■ 


:•- 


■>■ 


- 


:■■■ 


:: 


■- 


! 


:■" 


:- ; 


■-: 


3 


:•■ 


:: 


■■■■ 


B 


■ 


a 


■ 


:•• 


*- 


:■:• 


■: 


B 


% 


r 


- 


2 


a 




- 


; 


2 


:' 


•' 


3 




:: 


r.i 


a 


:■;:: 


S-4 


'■■ 


» 


:: 


2i 


- 


:• 


a 


A 


■ 


_: r 


s.*: 


-.-: 


:■*■ 


IB 


-:.r* 


: -- 


■' 


■■- 


3* 


: -:-: 


" : 


2 


if 


a 


•■= 


8 


a 


a 


- 


1 


:•: 


17 


l-ii 


:> 


3B 


;.:.: 


■' 


t 


B 


s 


-.-■ 


: ■ 


V.: 


:-<=• 




.- 

5 B IS 

3 5 
S • • 

13 8 

2 * 

.„ 

2 3 
* 

2 « a 

13 3 
2 4$ 

"* 

1 

3 

4 17 
2 3 3 

1 U 

2 2 T 

.... _ ; . ___ 

"¥ i 



CAUSE OF BLINDNESS. 



31 



Table 16. 



-BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING 
TO REPORTED CAUSE OF BLINDNESS, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1920— Continued . 



REPORTED CAUSE OF BLINDNESS- 



Definitely reported causes. 



Cataract 

Glaucoma 

Atrophy of the optic nerve. 
Ophthalmia neonatorum . . . 

Trachoma 

Diseases of the retina 

Corneal ulcer 

Cancer and other neoplasm? 
Diseases of the iris 



Meningitis 

Scarlet fever 

Kidney disease and diabetes. . 

Influenza (grippe) 

Typhoid fever 

Syphilis and locomotor ataxia. 
Smallpox 



Firearms. 

Falls 

Flying objects (not from explosion-;. 
Cutting or piercing instruments 



All other accidental injuries 

Poisoning 

Foreign substances in the eye 

All other definitely reported causes. 



Indefinitely or inaccurately reported causes. 



Congenital (not otherwise specified). 

Neuralgia 

Exposure to heat 



Combination of different classes of < 
Cause unknown or not reported — 



BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED: 1920. 



South Atlantic. 






3.S 



73 


26 


14 


7 


9 


6 


S8 


12 


2 


1 


4 


3 


S 


2 


4 


2 


1 


2 


IS 


7 


9 


3 


S 




7 


2 



East South Central. 



REPORTED CAUSE OF BLINDNESS. 



All causes 

Definitely reported causes . 



Cataract 

Glaucoma 

Atrophy of the optic nerve . . 

Ophthalmia neonatorum 

Trachoma 

Diseases of the retina 

Corneal ulcer 

Cancer and other neoplasms . 
Diseases of the iris 



Kidney disease and diabetes 

Influenza (grippe) 

Typhoid fever 

Syphilis and locomotor ataxia 

Smallpox 

Explosives 

Firearms 

Falls 

Flying objects (not from explosions). 
Cutting or piercing instruments 



All other accidental injuries 

Poisoning 

Foreign substances in the eye 

All other definitely reported causes . 



Indefinitely or inaccurately reported causes. 



Congenital (not otherwise specified). 

Neuralgia 

Exposure to heat 

Sore eyes 

All other 



Combination of different classes of causes. 
Cause unknown or not reported 



West South Central. 



.77 



32 



THE BLIND IN THE UNITED STATES. 



Table 17.— BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING 
TO RACE, NATIVITY. SEX, AND REPORTED CAUSE OF BLINDNESS, FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920. 



BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED: 1920. 



EEPOP.TED CAUSE OF BLINDNESS 



A.— Specific affection of the eye 

Diseases of the conjunctiva 

Trachoma (granulated eyelids) 

Ophthalmia neonatorum 

Gonococcus conjunctivitis (exclusive of 

ophthalmia neonatorum ) 

All other ophthalmia and ophthalmia 

not specified 

All other 



Diseases of the cornea 

Corneal ulcer 

Staphyloma 

Keratitis (not otherwise specified). 

Corneal opacities 

All other 

Diseases of the iris 

Iritis (not otherwise specified). 

All other 

Diseases of the choroid. 
Glaucoma 



Diseases of the retina. 
Retinitis pigment) 
Retinitis hemorrhagica . 

All other retinitis 

Detachment of the retina . 
All other 



Diseases of the optic nerve. 
Atrophy of the optic nerve. 
AU other 



Diseases of the crystalline lens . 

Cataract 

All other 




Amaurosis and other disturbances of vision 
without ophthalmoscopic changes. 

Progressive myopia. 

Cancer and other neoplasms . 
Neoplasms of the eyeball . 
Neoplasms other than of t he eyeball 

Buphthalmos, hydrophthalmia, macroph- 
thalmia 

All other diseases of the < 

Combination of two or more diseases of the 
eye 



Measles 

Meningitis.. 

Scarlet fever 

Diseases of the head other than m< 

Influenza (grippe) 

Typhoid fever 

Smallpox 

Rheumatism 

Syphilis 

Other acute eruptions of the skin 
Kidney diseases (not otherwise specified) 
Spinal trouble (not otherwise specified) 

Diabetes 

Puerperal fever 
B right's disease 
Locomotor ataxia. 

Diphtheria 

Tuberculosis 

All other diseases not specific affections of 

the eye 

Combination of two or more 

C— Specific affection of the eye re- 
turned for one eve, disease" other 
than of the eye "for the other 



II.— Accident or other injury 
(including sympathetic 
ophthalmia) 



A.— Directly affecting the eye. 



From explosions: 

Of dynamite, gunpowder, etc 

Of nature not stated. . . : 

Of other kinds 

From flying objects other than in explosions 

From cutting or piercing instruments 

From firearms 



:-i 


728 


18 


534 


i.»; 


162 


4 


102 


112 


104 


8 


76 


H54 


323 


31 


270 


an 


219 


92 




109 


153 


16 


154 



47 


2 


2 


? 














7 




1 


i 




IS 


4 


4 


? 


•/, 




4 


a 


i 


2 


75 


6 









! Includes 29 other colored, chiefly Chinese and Japanese, as well as Negroes and Indians. Of these, 23 were males and 6 were 



CAUSE OF BLINDNESS. 



Table 17.— BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING 
TO RACE, NATIVITY, SEX, AND REPORTED CAUSE OF BLINDNESS, FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920— Continued. 









BLIND POPULATION FOB WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WEEE BETUBNED 


1920 










All classes. 


White. 


Colored. 


BEPOETED CAUSE O? BLINDNESS. 


Total. 


Native. 


Fore 


ign-born. 


Total.i 


Negro. 


Indian. 


, 


i 

II 

n 


•a 


i 




a 


! 

ft 


1 1 


a 


1 


1 

H 


1 


| 


i 

II 
a 


1 


j 


b" 


3 


i 


m" 


s 


| 


II.— Accident or other injury 

(including sympathetic 

ophthalmia)— Continued. 

A.— Directly affecting the eye— Con. 


113 

51 
27 

16 
10 
501 
214 
111 

511 


90 
38 
30 
25 

14 
9 
410 
173 
106 

377 


27 
21 
2 

2 

91 
41 
5 

134 


96 
60 
47 
22 

16 

412 
207 
101 

444 


77 
35 

26 
20 

14 

343 
169 
96 

323 


19 
25 
21 
2 

2 

69 
38 
5 

121 


72 
49 
26 
17 

13 

7 

335 

165 

79 

357 


53 

14 
15 

12 
6 

276 
134 
76 

256 


19 
21 
12 
2 

1 

59 
31 

101 


24 
11 
21 
5 

3 
2 

77 
42 
22 

87 


24 
7 

12 
5 

2 
2 
67 
35 
20 

67 


""4 
9 

'"io 

7 
2 

20 


17 

i 

5 


13 

3 
4 
5 


4 
2 


17 
5 

4 
4 


13 

4 
4 


4 
2 
















From unfortunate results of operations 










1 


1 










1 
89 

7 
10 

67 


07 
4 
10 

54 


"'22 
3 

13 


1 
85 

6 
10 

61 


1 
65 

4 
10 

48 










From other definitely reported causes 


20 


3 


2 


1 






B.— Not directly affecting the eye 


13 


5 


5 






155 
148 
44 
29 

20 

12 
47 
56 


129 
84 
39 
14 

18 
11 
40 
42 

1, 754 


26 
64 
5 
15 

2 

7 
14 

485 


133 
139 

27 

17 
10 
40 
49 

2, 0.56 


113 
76 
27 
13 

15 
9 
33 

37 

1,607 


20 
63 
2 

14 

2 

7 
12 

449 


103 
112 
23 
22 

16 
9 

30 
42 

1,628 


87 
59 
21 
12 

14 

25 
30 

1,264 


16 
53 
2 

10 

2 

5 
12 

364 


30 

27 
6 
5 

1 

10 
7 

£28 


26 
17 
6 

1 

1 

7 
343 


i 

10 

""4 

..... 

85 


22 
9 
15 

3 

7 
183 


16 

8 

12 
1 

3 
2 

7 
5 

147 


6 

3 
1 

30 


20 
8 

15 
2 

1 
2 
7 
6 

175 


14 

7 
12 
1 

2 
7 

143 


1 


1 

1 


1 
1 












From unfortunate results of operations 








2 


2 




From cutting or piercing iimruments 

From other definitely reported causes 












2 


1 


1 
4 














338 

232 
85 
63 

56 

25 

300 

1,140 

11 
311 


308 
129 
84 
32 

41 
21 
242 
897 

8 
253 


30 
103 

31 

15 

4 

58 

243 

3 


284 
209 
83 
59 

51 
25 

2.57 
1,088 

9 
276 


257 

119 
82 
29 

36 
21 

208 
855 

6 

225 


27 
90 
1 
30 

15 

49 

233 

3 

51 


261 

160 
41 
34 

47 
18 
201 
866 

5 

211 


23.5 
89 
40 
19 

33 
15 
159 
674 

3 
165 


26 
71 

15 

14 

3 

42 

192 

2 

46 


23 
49 
42 
25 

4 

56 

222 

02. 


22 
30 
42 
10 

3 

6 

49 

181 

3 

60 


1 

19 

'"i : , 

1 

7 
41 

E 


54 

23 

2 
4 

5 


51 

10 
2 
3 

5 


13 
..... 


53 

21 

2 
4 

5 


51 
9 
2 
3 

5 


12 










2 


1 


j 






From unfortunate results of operations 


1 
























From other dciinitely reported causes 


13 

52 

35 


34 
12 

2 
28 


9 
10 

7 


41 
49 

32 


33 
40 

25 


8 
9 

7 


3 
2 


1 

2 

2 


i 


D. — From combination of classes of 












Alcoholic poisoning (other than wood 


19 
20 
51 
25 

15 
181 

626 


17 
19 
49 
24 
15 
129 

454 


2 

2 

'""52 
172 


16 
17 
49 
22 
14 
158 

540 


14 
16 
48 
21 
14 
112 

385 


2 

1 
""*46 

155 


7 
15 
26 
16 

7 
140 

444 


6 
14 

ie 

97 

306 


1 
1 
1 

""43 

138 


9 
2 

21 
B 
7 

18 

Bfl 


2 
23 
5 

7 
15 

79 


1 
..... 

3 


3 
3 

3 
1 

23 

86 


3 
3 
1 
3 

1 
17 


..... 

'7 


2 
2 
3 

22 
79 


2 

2 

3 
1 
16 

04 




. 


1 










1 


















..... 
15 


.... 
6 








4 




IV.— Other definitely reported 










142 

24 

113 

431 

264 
167 

53 

9,119 


77 

K 
63 

345 

217 

128 
32 

4,954 


65 
1 
14 
50 

47 
39 
21 

4.165 


140 

23 
112 

351 

218 
133 
49 

7. 874 


76 
4 
9 

63 

280 

178 
102 
29 

4,240 


64 

14 
49 

71 

40 
31 
20 

3,634 


137 

5 

22 

110 

269 

162 
107 
38 

6, 736 


76 
4 
9 

63 

206 

128 
78 
24 

3, 601 


61 
1 

13 
47 

63 

34 
29 
14 

3.13= 


3 




3 


2 


1 


1 


- 


1 


1 


















1 
2 

82 

56 
26 

11 

1 . 138 


74 

50 
24 
5 

639 


1 

8 

6 
2 
6 

499 


1 

80 

16 
M 

4 

1,245 


65 

39 

2> 
3 

711 


16 

7 

8 
1 

531 


74 

45 
29 
3 

1,148 


1 

60 

38 
22 
3 

664 












1 

U 

7 

7 

484 












5 4 




Acids and other substances of a chemi- 






5 
92 


4 

47 




AU other. . . 




V.— Causes indefinitely or inac- 










770 
548 
507 
497 
226 
223 
220 
212 
187 
176 
1.54 
121 
107 
38 

31 
2, 43.5 

5,125 


1,472 
347 
204 
393 
23J 
126 

T6f 
88 

111 
89 
71 
6C 

-— jj 

26 

2C 

1,352 

252 

2,888 


1,11m 

423 
344 
114 
2,58 
100 
2 
120 
123 
76 
87 
83 

107 

16 

6 

5 

1,083 

84 

2,237 


2,392 

002 
473 
366 
40S 
185 
207 
204 
176 
173 
168 
138 
107 
86 

24 

24 

2,056 

313 

4,257 


1,312 
299 
172 
303 
192 
101 
206 
90 
74 
103 
85 
65 
61 
1 
15 
19 
20 
1,122 

232 

2,379 


1,080 

363 
301 
63 
216 

S4 

114 

102 
7C 

72 

a 

1C 

5 

4 

934 

81 

1,878 


2, 313 
413 
443 
291 
384 
138 
176 
184 
173 
145 
149 
91 
94 
56 
24 
17 
16 
1,629 

3,385 


1.2"! 

187 
163 
238 
179 
73 
17b 
84 
73 
84 
75 
41 
52 

""is 

14 
13 
865 

193 

1,873 


1,044 

22« 

5C 
20. 
6c 

""ioc 
10c 

6 

5C 

45 

51 

! 
764 

1,515 


7; 
249 
30 

24 
47 
31 
20 
3 
28 
It 
47 
13 
30 
1 
7 
8 
-127 

54 

87. 


43 
112 
9 
65 
13 
28 
30 

e 

« 

10 

24 

5 
7 

258 

39 
506 


a 

137 
21 
10 
11 
19 

U 
2 
9 
9 

23 
4 

30 

i 

168 
361 


243 

ins 
76 

lti 
89 
41 
16 
16 
36 
14 
8 
16 
14 
21 
IS 
8 
7 

379 


1<> 
44 

9( 

41 

li 
10 
15 
8 
4 
6 
5 
..... 

7 

6 

221 

20 

50S 


83 
60 

43 
51 
42 

10 


21 
B 
4 
K 
9 
21 
6 
1 
I 
150 

3 

359 


232 
98 
68 
139 
60 
41 
16 
15 
36 
13 
6 
12 
13 
20 
13 
7 
6 

22 
817 


44 
30 
<9 
33 
25 
15 

9 
15 

j 

i 

4 
..... 

6 

5 

212 

19 

478 


77 
54 
38 
50 
27 
10 

( 

21 
6 
4 
6 

9 

20 
6 

141 

339 


9 
9 
7 
2 
29 


i 

i 

i- 




Oldage 














16 














1 


1 










1 
1 

4 


1 
1 










4 














1 
1 
25 


1 

16 












VI.— Combination of different 




VII.— Cause unknown or not 


46 


26 









' Includes 29 other colored, chiefly Chinese and Japanese, as well as Negroes and Indians. Of these, 23 were males and 6 1 
96185°— 23 3 



34 THE BLIND IN THE UNITED STATES. 

Table ]s- BLIXP POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURXED. CEASSIFLEr ACCORDING 



jE whom special sche: c rs'Er: 1920. 





Krpor-r :VT>KE8B. 


Total. 






Number losing vision at- 










L*ss than 20 years of age. 




Total. 


— 


fhnn 

1 year. 


lto4 
years. 


5to9 , 
years. 


10 to 14 


15 to 19 


Age not 








' 






Bote Sexes. 




40. 913 


14,616 


- 




:.u: 






1.410 


539 








1&.4S3 




■ 


- - 


1.239 


1 




a 


27 




— -;.ecific affection of the eye 

diseases of the con tun ciiva 

Trachoma (granulated eyelids 






Bi 




m 


■ 


- 


-- 


-' 


_ 


- 


-,- 

363 
32 

440 

23 

38 
16 

240 

213 
27 

■ 
1,932 

497 
44 

104 
94 

177 

702 
4,905 

124 
0,623 


-" 
180 

a 
_• 

238 

20 
82 
24 

31 
24 

34 

109 

14 
9 

27 
32 
13 

513 
412 
101 

B 
■8 
2 
36 
30 

88 
38 

SO 

52 
68 
98 


241 

3 

228 

- 

1 
- 

1 
I 

1 
3 

129 
17 

401 
1 
23 

3 


86 

a 


109 

■ 

45 

- 

21 

- 

3 

- 
. 
4 
. 

103 
103 


i 

41 
12 

1 
25 

3 


■ 


- 

34 

1 

1 


- 




Gonococcus conjunctivitis exdnsrre of ophthalmia neonatorum) . 




1 

- 

- 
- 








2 
9 

1 
1 




Corneal ulcer 

Staphyloma 

Keratitis (not otherwise specified . 




Allother' 






9 
C 
3 

11 

. 


1 
. 

- 
33 

81 






Iritis not otherwise specified 1 

Allother 












u 
i 
■ 


- 

i 
- 
- 
1 
U 
1 

62 

14 

66 
66 


6 






- 


Diseases of the retina... 


.- 






All other retinitis 


- 
80 

-. 

101 

- 

6 
10 


4 
1 
1 

23 
21 
2 

29 

29 


I 








31 

- 














- 

3?. 

■ 




Amaurosis and other disturbances of vision without "r h **"» > """ w "r* r 

Progressive myopia 

Cancer and othe- neoplasms 

Neoplasms of the eyeball 


- 


4 

. 

- 
14 

4 
6 
13 

839 


- 

14 
402 


. 

2 
16 
11 

1 

5 

-■ 




2 






:. 

35 
42 


361 


1 

51 




* 






Measles. 

Scarlet fever 

Diseases of the head other than meningitis. 

Typhoid fiver .* 


i! 
- 
6 
- 


- 
416 
384 

282 

- 
- 

140 
130 

_; 

45 
14 

- 
' - 


OS 

461 
341 
OS 

126 

59 

71 
10 
61 

5 

- 

S" 

8 
423 

| 


1 
1 
13 


-■ 
52 
23 
54 

' 
16 


149 
151 
136 

78 
_ 
39 

24 


- 
151 
111 
61 
. 
34 
45 

16 
6 

1 
15 


. 
61 
45 
32 

3: 

13 

13 


54 

36 
21 
28 
11 
16 
10 
9 
a 

3 


4 






a 

50 

"- 
. 

a 










15 

. 
4 
1 


24 

n 




^nSnal^-TnTWsTnn* ntip-^<p%23fiad 1 


11 

- 








— i4^X^^{'il^T 








2 

i 

3 







Locomotor ataxm — 


ii' 


1 
97 

11 

1 


. 

is" 

l 

107 

36 

3 
302 


4 
103 
34 

655 


1 

m 




59 

so 

Q 


Tuberculosis - 


S 




Combination of two or more diseases 

— - r zinc affection of the eye returned far one eye. disease 
"other than of the eye for the other. 

U. — Accident or oOn — he. sympathetic 
nphr'r- - 




_ 


- 


- 


i ia 


. 




13 




. 


■ 


- 


- 


?rom explosions: 




f. - 


797 

n 

D 


153 
26 
24 








45 


e 

8 


53 





Oi G. _-_ - - — . . - i 








Of nature no: stated 













CAUSE OF BLINDNESS. 35 

TO SEX, AGE WHEN VISION WAS LOST, AND REPORTED CAUSE OF BLINDNESS, FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920. 



BUND POPULATION FOR WHOM .SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED: 



Number losing vision at- 



20 to 64 years of age. 



years of age or over. 



Age not 

definitely 
reported. 



Age not 
deiinitelv 
reportcd. 



Age no; 
reported. 



1,171 I 



S62 I 



M 


35 


12 


2 


ia 


s 


10 


9 


Ktt 


13 


13 


3 


114 


158 


m 


LOS 


-- 


53 



33 - 



~_>-_z :- — " '■ ? : " _. ■ ~ 





JQ 






■ I ■ 









i 










i 



■ ^L^lLdL - -"^J 



SSSC 









- 






. 






'I 






















. 




















































- 








1 






- 






- 










• - iMMMMMfe T I 



■MAM M H 




- - -. _--•:: _ - 





- 
- 


- ■ 






' 




. 






■ 
■ 
■ 






- 


















. 


































_ 








~: 














X 
















a 


■1 


M 


J 


3 

38 


•7 



CAUSE OF BLINDNESS. 37 

SEX, AGE WHEN VISION WAS LOST, AND REPORTED CAUSE OF BLINDNESS. FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920— Con. 









BLIND POPULATION FOB WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE EETUENED: 1920. 


















S umber losing vision at — 








20 to 64 years of age. 


65 years of age or over. 


Age not 
reported. 




Total. 


20 to 24 
years. 


25 to 34 
years. 


35 to 44 
years. 


45 to 54 
years. 


55 to 59 
years. 


60 to 64 
years. 


Age not 
definitely 
reported. 


Total. 


65 to 69 
years. 


70 to 74 
years. 


75 to 79 
years. 


SO years 
or over. 


Age not 
definitely 
reported. 




> 










Both Sexes— Continued. 










229 
68 

147 

72 
20 
35 

16 
14 
6 
271 
104 
77 

292 


25 
9 

42 

6 


18 
58 

18 
4 
6 

5 
7 
2 
45 
16 
7 

61 


57 
20 
23 

18 
8 
9 

3 

2 
1 
04 
22 
22 

73 


54 

13 

16 
5 
9 

66 
36 
20 

70 


24 
3 
6 

9 

4 

1 
2 


26 
8 
4 

2 
4 

2 


1 


49 i 
12 
3 

13 
11 
10 

1 


19 

7 

1 

5 
2 


13 
1 
1 

4 
3 

1 


11 
3 

4 


5 


1 


8 

a 

l 


1 
2 
3 

4 
5 
B 

7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 

13 




3 
3 








3 
2 














1 










l 

i 
9 
3 
2 




2 
64 
35 
12 

76 


25 
15 
4 

29 






1 

3 
3 

17 




23 
9 

25 


37 
8 
11 

34 


34 
13 

10 

26 


2 


11 
9 
3 

13 


17 
7 
2 

16 




1 


1 
3 


1 


95 
73 

16 
12 

30 
35 

1,152 


3 

1 

1 


18 
13 
8 

5 

1 

5 
10 

208 


24 
20 

7 
3 
3 

1 
9 
6 

284 


21 
22 
3 
4 

5 

11 
3 

235 


14 

8 

3 

2 


9 
5 


1 


20 
24 
11 

3 

2 
8 
7 


7 
11 
4 


5 
4 


3 
6 
4 


5 






.. 


2 
3 

1 

2 
2 

13 


1 




1 


1 
1 


lrt 
'7 
18 
19 

20 

21 

22 








1 




1 
1 
3 
2 

74 




1 










1 


4 
7 

103 


1 


2 
2 

SO 


1 
29 




6 

184 


3 




1- 
46 


3 


2 


177 
114 
75 
39 
19 
21 
156 
551 

6 

205 


62 
6 

10 
4 
4 
3 

21 

74 


61 
17 
18 
4 


30 
29 
21 
7 
3 
4 
42 
148 

2 

64 


17 
32 
14 
12 
4 
9 
28 
119 

1 

52 


4 

14 

fi 
5 


3 
16 

6 
7 
2 

16 
50 




9 
35 
8 
7 
4 
2 
22 
81 

2 

36 


3 
15 

a 

4 

2 

38 

17 


3 
8 
4 

2 

1 
25 


2 

7 

1 
1 
1 


4 


...... 


8 
10 

1 


23 
21 

25 
26 
27 

28 

2" 
■',() 

31 

<2 


















1 

1 
4 
21 

4 


2 

12 
32 








37 

125 

3 
33 




3 
14 

7 


5 
3 




3 


1 


19 


21 


16 




9 


3 








14 
14 
43 
20 
12 
102 

308 


1 


1 
2 
4 
2 

1 
23 

71 


5 
3 

15 
5 
2 

34 

62 


3 

10 

7 
5 
21 

78 


2 
3 
4 
2 
2 

21 


2 




4 
3 
6 
1 
3 
19 

57 


1 
3 
3 


1 


2 








ft 










4 
1 
2 
11 

37 


6 
3 




1 
1 


1 


1 










- 


36 




1 
9 

21 


2 
2 

10 






36 




10 


2 

9 




2 
9 


38 

39 


3 


1 


5 

' 2 

3 


1 






2 
1 






1 














4 


40 
























1 










1 














3 

4 
4 


J2 
43 

44 






















276 
170 
106 

27 

2,974 


34 
22 
12 
2 

274 


66 
44 
22 
5 

546 


59 
38 
21 

591 


66 
36 
29 
10 

772 


21 

lti 


29 
13 
16 

406 


2 

1 


13 
24 
19 
14 

1,693 


16 

5 

331 


11 
405 


7 
5 
2 
3 

346 


5 
3 

539 


1 


1 


16 


1 
129 




357 


28 


72 


48 


































25 
377 
361 
173 
121 
116 
41 
79 
108 
41 
59 
62 
105 
17 
24 
18 
1,247 

ISO 

2,137 


1 
34 
23 
37 

6 
13 

7 
12 

3 
9 
6 


1 
68 
64 
42 
17 
32 

8 
13 
24 
11 
13 
13 


64 
75 
32 
24 
16 
9 
24 
28 
11 
15 
14 
20 
3 
3 
4 
248 

37 


90 
100 
28 
34 
26 
13 
18 
25 
10 
9 

71 
2 

5 
329 

40 

545 


1 

53 
47 
13 
23 
15 

4 

3 

2 
9 

151 
29 


18 
66 
50 
19 
15 
9 
2 
7 
16 
3 

14 
4 
3 
2 




733 
117 
103 
29 
86 
S7 
6 
7 
42 
4 
19 
31 

5 

4 

9 

410 

80 

1,182 


32 
42 
27 
6 
20 
22 
2 
3 
12 

10 
4 

2 
2 
3 

142 

16 

. 330 


102 
38 
42 
12 
33 
21 
1 
2 
10 
2 
4 
13 


150 
20 
16 
5 
13 
27 
1 
2 
13 


389 
17 
18 
6 
17 
15 


60 


11 
11 
4 
14 

6 

1 

1 




2 
2 
2 
2 

1 

1 






5?, 




-.3 


2 


54 
55 






57 


1 
3 
4 


1 








1 

2 


2 
9 






1 


61 


2 


2 

5 

3 

230 

34 

312 




1 


2 








2 

2 

121 

30 

361 




1 
53 

6 

483 




1 

8 

3 
34 


4 
S3 

16 

273 








108 
14 

145 


173 
23 
372 


59 
16 
199 


5 
2 
19 


67 
68 



38 THE BLIND IN THE UNITED STATES. 

Table 18.— BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED. CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO 



BLUTD POPULATION" FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED: 1920. 



REPORTED CAUSE OI BLINDN-E33. 



Number losing vision at- 



Less than 20 years of age. 



than 
1 year. 



^rs 19 l£K% 
years. rBnr ~- = 



A.— Specific affection of the eye. 



Diseases of the conjunctiva 

Trachoma (granulated eyelids) 

Ophthalmia neonatorum 

Gonococcus conjuntivitis (exclusive of ophthalmia neonatorum I 

All other opthalmia and opthalmia not specified 

All other 



Diseases of the cornea 

Corneal ulcer 

Staphyloma 

Keratitis (not otherwise specified) . 

Corneal opacities 

Allother 



Diseases of the iris 

Iritis (not otherwise specified) . 
Allother 



of the retina 

Retinitis pigmentosa 

Retinitis hemorrhagica . . . 

All other retinitis 

Detachment of the retina. 
All other 



Diseases of the optic nerve 

Atrophv of the optic nerve. 
Allother 



Diseases of the crystalline lens. 

Cataract 

Allother 



Amaurosis and other disturbances of vision without ophthalmo- 
scopic change. 
Progressive myopia 



Cancer and other neoplasms 

Neoplasms of the eyeball 

Neoplasms other than of the eyeball . 



Buphthalmos. hydrophthalmia, macrophthalmia. 

All other diseases of the eye 

Combination of two or more diseases of the eye . . . 



-Disease other than specific affection of the eye. 



Measles 

Meningitis 

Scarlet fever 

Diseases of the head other than meningitis 

Lnfluenza( grippe | 

Typhoid fever 

Smallpox 

R heumat ism 

Syphilis 

Other acute eruptions of the skin 

Kidney diseases ( not otherwise specified i 

Spinal trouble (not otherwise specified 

Diabetes 

Puerperal fever 

Blight's disease 

Locomotor ataxia 

Diphtheria 

Tuberculosis 

All other diseases not specific affections of the eye. 
Combination of two or more diseases 



C. — Specinc affection of the eye returned for one eye. disease 
other than of the eye for the other. 

II.— Accident or other injury (including sympathetic 
ODhthalmia). 
A. — Directly atTecting the eye 






1,612 
1,186 

427 

2,568 
2,563 



From explosives: 

Of dynamite, gunpowder, eic 

Of other kinds 

Of nature not stated 

From nving objects other than explosions. 



4 4 

a 4 

7 7 

3 



413 | 



j 



CAUSE OF BLINDNESS. 39 

SEX, AGE WHEN VISION WAS LOST, AND REPORTED CAUSE OF BLINDNESS, FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920— Con. 



BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED: 1920. 



Number losing vision at- 



20 to 64 years of age. 



65 years of age or over. 



2,974 
1,768 



20 to 24 
years. 



25 to 34 
years. 



35 to 44 
years. 



45 to 54 
years. 



60 to 64 
years. 



450 



Ag^e not 
definitely 
reported. 



25 



Age not 
Age not reported, 
definitely 
reported". 



40 THE BLIND IN THE UNITED STATES. 

Table 18.— BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO 



REPORTED CAUSE OF BLINDNESS. 



BLKD POPULATION" TOP. WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES 



rn. turned: I'.oi. 



Number losing vision i 



Less than 20 years of age. 



Less 
than 
1 year. 



Age not 
definitely 
reported. 



II.— Accident or other injury (including sympathetic 
ophthalmia) — Continued . 
A.— Directly affecting the eye— Continued. 

From cutting or piercing instruments 

From firearms 

From burns 

From falls 

From unfortunate results of operations 

By animals 

From electricity 

By machines 

From other definitely reported causes 

From causes not definitely reported 

From combination of causes 



B.— Not directly affecting the eye. 



From blows t o t he head 

From falls 

From firearms 

From unfortunate results of operations. 

By animals 

From cutting or piercing instruments. . . 
From other definitely reported causes. . 
From causes not definitely reported 



C— Part affected uncertain. 



From firearms 

From falls 

In mines and quarries 

From unfortunate results of operations. 
By animals 



From other definitely reported causes. 
From causes not definitely reported . . . 



I). — From combination of classes of causes. 



III.— Poisoning. 



Alcohol poisoning (other than wood alcohol). 

Tobacco poisoning 

Wood alcohol poisoning 



IV.— Other definitely reported causes. 



Malformations 

Of the crystalline lens. 

All other 

Albinism 



Foreign substances in the eye 

Acids and other substances of a chemically destructive nature. 
Dust and other foreign particles 

All other definitely reported causes 



V.— Causesindefinitely or inaccurately reported. 
Congenital (cause not stated) 




Neuralgia 

Exposure to heat — 

Sore eyes 

Strained eyes 

Military service 

Medical malpractice. 
Scrofula. 



Paralysis 

Wrong medicine or treatment 

Colds 

Catarrh 

Malaria 

Electric light 

Exposure to cold 

All other causesindefinitely or inaccurately reported . 



VI.— Combination of different classesof causes. 
VII.— Cause unknown or not reported 



lAi.E continued. 



CAUSE OF BLINDNESS. 41 

SEX, AGE WHEN VISION WAS LOST, AND REPORTED CAUSE OF BLINDNESS, FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920— Con. 









BLIND POPULATION FOE WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE EETUBNED: 1920. 








Number losing vision at— 








20 to 64 years of age. 








65 years of age or over. 




Age not 
reported. 




Total. 


20 to 24 
years. 


25 to 34 
years. 


35 to 44 

years. 


45 to 54 
years. 


55 to 59 
years. 


60 to 64 
years. 


Age not 
definitely 
reported. 


Total. 


65 to 69 
years. 


70 to 74 
years. 


75 to 79 
years. 


80 years 
or over. 


Age not 
definitely 
reported. 




malt— continued . 




58 
140 
61 
13 
21 
14 
13 
5 
228 
89 
74 

234 


8 
40 
6 


15 
50 

16 
2 
6 
4 
6 

34 

14 

49 


17 
22 
15 
3 
5 
3 
2 

50 
18 
22 

54 


12 
12 
5 
3 
3 
1 
3 
60 
32 
18 

58 


3 

l 
3 
1 
2 


4 
4 
2 
2 
2 


1 

1 


9 
3 
11 
5 

5 


6 

1 

4 

1 


1 

4 

1 
1 
1 


2 
1 

2 
3 




1 
2 








2 

1 










1 




2 

1 



















1 






:: ::: :: 


1 
1 
9 
3 
2 

7 






2 
48 
28 
12 


1 

17 
11 

4 

19 






i 

9 
\ 






19 
6 

22 


34 
7 
11 

27 


30 
12 

10 

21 


1 


7 
3 

9 


15 

7 
2 

10 






1 




3 




13 


1 


12 


84 
46 
22 

8 
12 

G 
28 

968 


8 
4 
3 
1 

1 
1 


16 

1 

1 
4 

220 


22 
12 


IS 
15 
3 
3 

11 
2 

199 


12 

T 

2 


2 


1 


15 
11 


4 
4 


4 


1 
3 
4 


4 
3 




2 

1 
3 
1 




1 




1 












3 
1 

3 

248 


1 




3 

6 

•1 

120 


1 
1 

T 




1 


2 












1 




4 


1 


1 
36 


1 






163 


59 








2 


22 


1 


34 


21 


164 
73 
74 
17 
15 
18 
139 
468 

4 


57 
4 

10 
2 
4 
3 

21 

62 


.50 
11 

18 
2 

4 


28 

'21 
3 
3 
3 

39 
129 

59 


16 
23 
13 

3 

7 
27 
105 


4 


3 

3 
1 
3 
11 
43 




9 

S 

2 

IS 
02 

13 


3 

6 
3 
3 
1 

1 

30 
1 
15 


3 
4 
4 


3 


! 




7 
5 






1 


23 
















1 








M 


2 
10 












:'.i 

2 




5 


3 
12 

1 


2 






2 








1 30 


14 


4."> 


20 


10 




9 


2 












32 


12 
14 

41 
19 

12 
7K 

262 


1 


•1 
19 

60 


29 

55 


2 

HI 

63 


4 
2 

19 


1 




4 

3 

1 
3 
16 

41 


1 

3 
3 


1 


2 
















4 
1 

6 
31 


t 
3 




1 
I 

tV 

12 


1 


1 












2 






1 
16 


2 








32 




\ 




6 




2 


1 


38 


4 
3 


1 






2 
1 

1 






1 














3 


n 
























1 










1 














2 

3 
3 
























41 


240 
149 
91 

IS 
1,692 


18 
10 

170 


57 
19 
3 

333 


53 
35 
18 

362 


55 
31 
24 

404 


19 
14 
5 


27 
12 


1 
1 


35 
20 

15 

868 


14 
194 


11 
6 
5 

1 
226 


5 
3 
2 

2 
180 


4 
3 

1 

235 


1 


43 


1 




5 
210 






46 


19S 


15 


33 


67 


47 
































4N 


15 
143 
286 
87 
73 
116 
17 
30 
64 
26 
28 
35 
7 

20 
15 
730 

142 

1,297 




1 
30 
54 

10 
32 
4 

12 
6 

7 

142 
27 
184 


1 
26 
57 
19 
14 
16 

10 
21 

3 

3 

4 

162 

."J 

300 


2 
35 
76 
11 
21 
2G 

16 

1 

4 

1S1 

34 
334 


1 
16 

12 
15 


10 

10 

2 

4 

1 
4 

7 
1 
1 




323 
41 

16 
44 
85 

29 

11 
17 
4 
3 
9 
200 

Dl 

656 


16 
15 
22 

3 
10 

22 


54 
14 
29 
9 
20 
20 


72 

12 

4 
26 


156 
4 

2 
9 
15 


25 






14 
21 
25 

13 
2 

3 
3 
3 
4 


1 
2 
1 










5 52 


\ 


2 
14 


53 


5 


54 
55 




1 




r 


9 




56 


2 
3 

4 
1 

4 
84 

21 

163 


8 


3 

1 

\ 






57 






1 






5A 




1 
79 

10 

217 






4 


59 




6 


1 










1 




194 






1 


6? 


1 
4 

17 


4 
36 

12 








69 
10 
86 


19 
213 


24 
12 
99 


4 

11 


24 

4 

251 


64 

65 
66 



42 THE BLIND IN THE UNITED STATES. 

Table 18.— BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED. CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO 







E 


LDJD POPULATION FOB WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WEBE RETURNED: 1920. 






EEPOttTEn CAUSE OT BLlNDNtSB. 


Total. 






Number losing vision at 










Less than 20 years of age. 




Total. 


Birth. 


Less 
than 
1 year. 


lto4 
years. 


5 to 9 
years. 


10 to 14 
years. 


15 to 19 
years. 


Age not 

•iennre v 
reported. 












FEMALE. 










1 


16,936 


f,,5f.r 


1,810 


1,121 


99, 


1,105 


720 


526 






2 


9.19fc 


3.270 


BU 


755 


BBB 


594 


401 


261- 


148 




3 


B,«n 


1.936 


493 


57<- 


190 


IB 


m 


133 


120 




1 

6 

7 

e 

10 

u 
a 
B 
Vi 

If. 

it 
■' 
18 

21 
9 

as 


LflBB 

256 
643 

15 
171 

13 

210 

lin 

7 

61 
23 
9 

125 
111 

14 
34 

1,147 

172 
13 
39 
22 
53 
45 

846 
571 
275 

4 
25 
54 

108 

51 

57 

22 
82 

225 

2.6S7 


m 

114 
634 
12 
10> 
3 

OB 

55 
6 
52 

a 

5 

17 
13 
4 

65 

38 
5 
3 

12 
8 

10 

226 

181 
4:. 

408 

1 

19 
13 

n 

14 
19 

22 
BE 
40 


134 


460 

' 

3 
34 

1 

32 

4 

3 
2 


59 

Si 

it 

1 

10 

1 
10 


56 
29 

■» 
1 
22 


m 
1 


31 

18 

1 

11 


67 
.59 






Gonococcus conjunctivitis (exclusive of ophthalmia neonatorum) 


1 


20 

1 

14 

10 




Diseases of the cornea 

Corneal ulcer 


23 
4 

2 


* 


7 
5 


9 

1 




16 
3 


4 


1 




Corneal opacities 


1 

1 
1 








8 

2 

6 

2 


3 
3 


4 
4 




»: otherwise specified) 

Ah other 






6 






1 
3 




14 

9 

1 


20 

3 

1 


2 
2 

4 




9 

i 

2 


Piscasef of the retina 




3 






24 All other retinitis 


3 


1 
2 

1 

1 


2 

1 

11 

■ 
37 




3 


2 
2 

27 
23 

4 

47 

" 


2 


2. 

r, 

a 
2> 

3( 

r.j 
BS 

r,: 

B 

BE 

M 

■M 
41 

41 




2 






14 


24 
20 
4 

- 

a 


11 
9 
2 

15 
15 


AtrnphT of the optic nerve 

All other 




All other 

Amaurosis and other disturbances of vision without opthalmoscopir 
change. 

myopia 

Cancer am a 


12 

2 
2 




2 

1 

4 
2 

2 
2 
5 

395 


2 

2 

3 

4 

1 
1 
6 

201 








i 

6 
2 

4 

1 
6 

132 


1 
1 




11 
2 
9 

1 
3 
4 

370 




Neoplasms other thur of the eyeball 

Buphthalmos, hydrophthalmia, macrophthalmia 

All other d: • 

Combination of two or more diseases of the eye 

B— Disease other than specifit aflectior. of the eye 




13 

17 


3 
3 
5 


5 

■ 


4: 
4: 

•*- 
4; 

4. 

■:' 
i- 

4! 
SO 

5. 

:,: 

H 
55 

Si 

58 
5S 

Rl 

f.i 

c: 
r.r 


376 
273 
201 
173 
140 
96 
102 
S4 
.50 
97 
75 
57 
47 
S7 
40 
5 

9 
651 
106 

24 

1,024 


24.'. 

163 
121 
22 

15 
25 
39 
6 
31 
3 
2 
6 




! 

24 
12 
! 
1 
3 
9 


- 

76 
62 

6 
15 
26 
5 
2 
1^ 

2 

2 

i" 

46" 

13 

1 

124 


66 

22 
6 
13 
21 
2 
7 
5 

10 

i' 


4^ 
29 
20 
15 
3 
16 
11 
2 
4 
4 
1 
8 
1 

i' 


BI 
21 
10 
15 
6 
8 
4 
5 
1 

3 
6 


1 

1 
2 


Meningitis 

Scarlet fever 

Diseases of the head other than meningitis. . 




1 












1 






p" 


7 
4 

-- 

3" 

55" 




Kidney diseases ( not otherwise specified) 


1 
1 

i" 












2 




Bright's disease - 

Locomotor ataxia 








15 

51 

6 

503 




J 

16 

1 
19S 


2 

1 

7 
1 
83 


3 

16' 

5 

3 




Tuberculosis 


ii" 

3 




C— Specific aflection of the eye returned for one eye. disease 
other than of the eye for the other. 

H.— Accident or other injury (including sympathetic 
ophthalmia). 
A. — Directly aflecting the eye 




12 


j 


• 


64 




211 




7 


55 


'" 


36 


20 


6 




6.= 
('„ 
B5 
OS 


20 
37 
98 
22 


13 

15 
84 
14 








- 
3 
40 


3 
3 
6 

3 


4 
4 










4 


1 


Prom cutting or p iercing instruments 

Prom firearms 







CAUSE OF BLINDNESS. 



43 



SEX, AGE WHEN VISION WAS LOST, AND REPORTED CAUSE OF BLINDNESS, FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920— Con. 









BLIND POPULATION FOE 


WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED: 1920. 










Number losing vision at— 




20 to 64 years of age. 




65 years of age or over. 






Age not 
reported. 




Total. 


20 to 24 
years. 


25 to 34 
years. 


35 to 44 
years. 


45 to 54 
years. 


55 to 59 
years. 


60 to 64 
years. 


Age not 
definitely 
reported. 


Total. 


65 to 69 1 70 to 74 
years. years. 


75 to 79 
years. 


SO years 
or over. 


Age not 
definitelv 
reported. 




* 










FEMALE. 












6,174 


444 


962 


1,171 


1,587 


841 


1,087 


82 | 3,697 


946 


1,037 


792 


844 


* 


500 


1 


3,557 


226 


507 


671 


899 


531 


675 


48 | 2,188 


635 


653 


457 


413 


30 


181 


ii 


2,513 


115 


295 


431 


678 


412 


547 


35 


1,899 


541 


,569 


397 


366 


28 


137 


3 


165 

111 

2 

3 

42 
7 

42 

5 
2 

90 
80 
10 

12 
691 

S7 
6 

20 
5 

39 

17 

462 
300 
162 

717 

714 

3 

5 

25 

57 
22 
35 


10 

1 


39 

24 

3 
10 

1 

3 
1 


39 


31 
22 


11 


22 
15 


4 


38 
19 


14 

7 


17 
9 


1 


3 

2 




24 
12 
7 


4 




5 




4 






















7 


4 


10 
3 

15 

13 


8 

1 

16 
11 


4 


5 
2 

6 

4 


1 


6 

1 

2 


6 
2 

4 


3 


1 




5 


8 








'I 


13 
11 

1 


2 
2 




14 


2 
1 


3 
2 




8 
4 


in 






ii 






12 




1 
1 

27 
26 

1 

3 
81 

18 
2 
3 
2 
8 
3 

104 
69 
35 

97 
96 
1 

1 

3 

14 
4 
10 


4 








1 
3 

17 
17 




2 








3 


13 


1 


1 

19 
IS 

1 

2 
45 

11 
1 
2 
1 

7 




2 








1 




14 


25 
21 
4 

4 
194 

27 
2 
4 
1 

10 
10 

125 
82 
43 

201 

199 

2 








1 

4 
4 




1 

1 
1 


15 




8 
7 


10 

204 
12 


1 


6 


7 






16 








17 








Ifl 




4 

2 
1 


4 
369 

45 
1 
16 

18 

148 
86 
62 

1,154 
1,154 






1 
64 

12 






3 
22 

2 
1 


If) 


16 
4 


147 
13 


147 

13 

1 
4 
2 
3 
3 

47 

:;') 
17 

259 

259 


122 
12 


35 
7 


1 


20 

a 


1 


4 
1 

1 

59 
40 
19 

128 
128 


6 


4 
1 

6 

40 
26 

14 

337 
337 


4 


4 

1 












-4 


2 
1 

26 
15 
11 

24 
24 


4 
2 

66 
41 
25 

196 
196 


1 


1 


1 




7 

:;7 
16 
21 

259 

259 


2 

19 
10 
9 

284 
284 


Jfi 


77 
51 
26 

62 
62 


2 

3 

9 
9 


5 
4 

1 


10 
4 
6 

57 


27 

20 

30 
31 


1 

7 
2 
5 




1 
2 

6 
2 


4 

3 
3 


1 

2 


1 
13 

2 


1 
6 

6 












ffl 


17 
3 
14 


8 
4 
4 


4 

4 






2 


3 










■'.f, 




1 


37 














28 
119 

1,031 


1 
7 

111 


4 

11 

208 


4 
25 

239 


10 
29 

216 


4 

25 

118 


5 
126 




19 
60 

284 


10 
26 

93 


5 

14 


2 
11 

58 


2 

47 






BR 


5 


1 
4 


6 
44 


HI 

41 


112 
34 
30 
42 
75 
38 
23 
51 
19 
38 
43 
24 
33 
83 
24 

2 

4 

311 

41 

13 

382 


18 
13 
9 
3 
3 
5 

5 

4 
2 
1 

17 


29 

10 
9 

11 
7 

10 
4 
5 
3 

7 
3 
1 
32 
6 


28 
6 
6 
9 

17 
7 
5 

18 
5 
8 

10 
4 

24 
4 
1 
1 
3 

66 

11 

1 
93 


16 

3 

17 
9 

11 
7 
11 

7 

7 

3 


9 
1 
3 

12 
4 
3 

2 
3 
6 

1 

3 


10 


2 

1 


13 


4 


4 


3 


1 


1 


6 
4 
4 


12 

43 


4 

43 
2 
8 

17 

19 
25 
2 
10 

10 


2 




7 


I 






18 
2 
3 
4 
1 
4 

13 
2 

12 




16 






1 
1 


15 


5 

2 
2 




W 




1 




5 
11 


3 
6 


2 

1 








1 
1 












2 
4 

4 


5 


7 
5 






1 












2 


3 

1 
2 


1 




1 
1 




2 






5 


3 


5 






56 






























i" 






1 
53 
9 

4 

91 






















21 

7 


87 

7 

5 

81 


41 
2 

1 

32 


40 
4 

43 


? 


108 
13 

5 

120 


34 
7 

1 

48 


30 
2 

2 

29 


22 
2 

2 

24 


20 

1 


2 1 14 
1 1 


60 
61 

62 

63 


40 


2 


18 


1 | 19 


138 


16 


30 


38 


32 


9 


12 


1 


48 


18 


11 


ii ! 




5 


M 




5 
13 
10 

7 


I 
1 
1 
2 


3 
2 


2 
3 

1 


1 
6 
2 








1 

8 
3 


1 
I 










• 2 


1 
1 




2 


4 






1 66 
1 | 67 

1 1 68 




r 






1 









. ■ 



J13 



mm "•—_-■ 



■ 









- 







3. - No irrc:t>- 



" 










- 






_ 












::r. : 



::::::: 



CAUSE OF BLINDNESS. 45 

SEX AGE WHEN VISION WAS LOST, AND REPORTED CAUSE OF BLINDNESS, FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920— Con. 



BLINT) POPULATION FOB WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED: 1920. 




Number losing vision at— 




20 to 64 years of age. 


65 years of age or over. 


Age not 
reported. 




Total. 


20 to 24 
years. 


25 to 34 
years. 


35 to 44 

years. 


45 to 54 
years. 


55 to 59 j 60 to 64 \£ffiS$ y 
years. years. |? eponed y 


Total. ! 


65 to 69 70 to 74 
year?. years. 


75 to 79 
years. 


sss m 




% 








re male — continued. 










2 
4 

11 
7 

14 
2 

1 

43 
15 

58 








2 




















1 


2 
2 
2 


1 

3 
5 
4 






















J , 


1 




2 
6 
5 


1 






i 

2 




1 


3 






2 
1 


2 
2 




4 


I 


6 1 


- 










11 
2 










■ 






























1 




















8 


4 
3 

3 


14 
4 


4 
2 

12 


3 


4 


1 


16 
7 


8 
4 


4 

2 


2 


2 

1 






q 
















it 


12 


19 


7 






24 


10 


4 


6 


4 






; 








" 




11 
27 

8 




2 
5 


2 
8 
2 
3 


3 
7 


2 
3 

1 


I 




5 
13 


1 
7 


1 


3 


1 
1 






13 


i" 








14 








IS 




3 


1 






1 




:::::::::::::: 


1 






16 


















17 
































18 


2 

7 

1S4 




1 
48 


1 
3 

36 










2 

3 

18 


20 






1 






19 


2 

21 


36 








i 


1 






■ 


10 


26 


1 


c 


1 


12 


.: 


13 
41 

1 
22 
4 

17 
83 

2 

29 


5 
2 


5 
6 


2 


9 
1 

1 
14 

1 

7 




















5 




8 


9 




20 


9 


4 


4 


3 




! 






M 


2 


2 
2 


4 


3 


4 




2 
2 
1 
4 
19 


! 




1 












1 
7 








• 




3 
19 














•: 




6 
27 

1 

5 


2 

3 


5 




8 




1 




5 


- 


12 


1 


" 


' 


2 
3.1 


5 


5 


, 







3 


2 






1 




, 


31 












2 








1 




1 


















' 


























X>, 


2 
1 












2 






















1 
























3S 






























24 

46 


6 


4 
11 


- 


6 
15 


2 


3 
4 




16 


5 






4 




3 


".: 


, 


4 


3 




- 






1 
1 








1 

1 




















1 


M 




















































1 
































\1 


36 
21 

15 
9 

1,282 


G 
2 


9 
3 

213 


3 
3 

229 


10 
5 

5 
4 

368 


2 
2 


1 
2 

196 


1 


4 

4 
8 

S25 


2 




2 


4 
2 
2 




1 








H 


1 


2 
3 

137 










4 
179 


16C 




1 
62 


ffi 


104 


159 


13 


304 


39 


17 
































M 


10 

75 
86 
48 


20 
2 
12 






24 
17 
13 




B 
45 
12 
11 




410 
76 
26 
13 
42 
2 
4 

8 
14 
1 

1 
1 


10 
27 
5 
3 
10 


48 

24 
13 

13 

1 
1 


12 
4 
3 
9 


233 
13 
4 

4 

s 


35 


4 

6 

2 




10 

24 
7 


38 
18 
13 
10 


37 
9 
g 

11 


1 


«l 




51 


1 
2 




' 


- 






•4 


24 

44 

31 
27 
105 
10 
4 

517 

38 

S40 




4 

6 
6 


4 
7 

6 
20 


9 
9 
4 


1 

4 
4 
8 

2 

1 
07 

8 

UK 






1 






1 

1 




4 




-■■• 




2 
3 






-■: 






6 
2 


1 
2 


2 
3 


1 








00 




61 


5 

1 


1 




1 






B? 






1 










0". 


12S 




1 

14S 

6 
211 












29 
2 




39 
4 
59 


86 

8 

158 


85 

4 

159 


17 


210 

19 
526 


63 

6 

113 


64 

5 

167 


4 

13S 


35 

4 

100 


1 


65 


8 


•: 



46 



THE BLIND IN THE UNITED STATES. 



Table 19.— BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING 
TO SEX, AND STATUS AS TO VISION OF PARENTS, BROTHERS AND SISTERS. AND CHILDREN, FOR THE 
UNITED STATES: 1920. 

BLIND POPULATION FOE WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WEEZ RETURNED: 1920. 



Status as to vision of parents. 



STATUS AS TO BEOTHERS, S1STEES, AND CHILDREN. 



Status as to brothers : 



sters, total. 



Reporting blind brothers and blind sisters 

Reporting blind brothers only 

No sisters 

Sisters not blind 

Reporting blind sisters only 

No brothers 

Brothers not blind 

Reporting no brothers or sisters 

Reporting brothers or sisters — none blind or none reported 

blind 

Not reporting as to brothers or sisters 



tus as to children of persons 15 years of age or over, ' total . 

Reporting blind sons and blind daughters 

Reporting blind sons only 

No daughters 

Daughters not blind 

Reporting blind daughters only 

No sons 

Sons not blind 

Reporting n o children 

Reporting children— none blind or none reported blind 

Not reporting as to children 



Status as to brothers and sisters, total. 



Reporting blind brothers and blind sisters 

Reporting blind brothers only 

No sisters 

Sisters not blind 

Reporting blind sisters only 

No brothers 

Brothers not blind 

Reporting no brothers or sisters 

Reporting brothers or sisters— none blind or none reported 

blind 

Not reporting as to brothers or sisters 



Status as to children of persons 15 years of age or over, total. 

Reporting blind sons and blind daughters 

Reporting blind sons only 

No daughters 

Daughters not blind 

Reporting blind daughters only 

No sons 

Sons not blind 

Reporting no children 

Reporting children— none blind or none reported blind — 
Not reporting as to children 



Status as to brothers and sisters, total. 



Reporting blind brothers and blind sisters 

Reporting blind brothers only 

No sisters 

Sisters not blind 

Reporting blind sisters only 

No brothers 

Brothers not blind 

Reporting no brothers or sisters 

Reporting brothers or sisters— none blind or none reported 

Not reporting as to brothers or sisters 



Status as to children of persons 15 years of age or over, total. 



Reporting blind sons and blind daughters 

Reporting blind sons only 

No daughters 

Daughters not blind 

Reporting blind daughters only 

No sons 

Sons not blind 

Reporting no children 

Reporting children — none blind or nonereported blind. 
Not reporting as to children 



Both parents 
reported 
blind. 



One parent only reported blind. 



Father blind. Mother blind. 



Both Sexes. 



1.255 

1,277 

212 



16,568 

20.011 
675 



Not reporting 
as to vision 
of parents. 



1,10* 

1,091 

176 



36 

6,305 

7,777 

171 



Includes 425 persons whose age at enumeration was not reported. 



HEREDITY AND BLINDNESS. 



47 



Table 20.— BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING 
TO SEX, RELATIONSHIP OF PARENTS, AND STATUS OF BROTHERS. SISTERS. AND CHILDREN AS TO VISION, 
FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920. 



Total. 



Reporting blind brothers and blind sisters 

Reporting blind brothers only 

No sisters 

Sisters not blind 

Reporting blind sisters only 

No brothers 

Brothers not blind 

Reporting no brothers or sisters 

Reporting brothers or sisters— none blind or none reported 

blind 

Not reporting as to brothers or sisters 



AGE GROUP. 



Under 15 years of age. 



Reporting blind brothers and Hind sisters 

Reporting blind brothers only 

No sisters 

Sisters not blind 

Reporting blind sisters only 

No brothers 

Brothers not blind 

Reporting no brothers or sisters 

Reporting brothers or sisters— none blind or none 

ported blind 

N ot report ing as to brothers or sisters 



15 years of age or over ' 



Reporting blind sons and blind daughters 

Reporting blind sons only 

No daughters 

Daughters not blind 

Reporting blind daughters onl v 

No sons 

Sons not blind 

Reporting no children 

Reporting children— none blind or none reported blind. 
Not reporting as to children 



Reporting blind brothers and blind sisters 

Reporting blind brothers only 

No sisters 

Sisters not blind , 

Reporting blind sisters only , 

No brothers 

Brothers not blind 

Reporting no brothers or sisters 

Reporting brothers or sisters— none blind or none re- 
ported blind 

Not reporting as to brothers or sisters 



Reporting blind sons and blind daughters 

Reporting blind sons only 

No daughters 

Daughters not blind 

Reporting blind daughters only 

No sons 

Sons not blind 

Reporting no children 

Reporting children— none blind or none reported 

blind 

Not reporting as to children 



BUND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETUP.XED: 1920. 



Reporting blind brothers and blind sisters 

Reporting blind brothers only 

No sisters 

Sisters not blind 

Reporting blind sisters only 

No brothers .' 

Brothers not blind 

Reporting no brothers or sisters 

Reporting brothers or sisters— none blind or none re- 
ported blind 

Not reporting as to brothers or sisters 



Married, widowed, or divorced. 



Reporting blind sons and blind daughters 

Reporting blind sous only 

No daughters 

Daughters not blind 

Reporting blind daughters only 

No sons 

Sons not blind 

Reporting no children 

Reporting children— none blind or none reported 

Not reporting as to children 



i.518 
263 
1,255 
1,277 
212 
1,065 
2,540 



1,131 
172 
959 

2,157 



Par- 
ems 
first 



374 
35,434 



2,054 
29,820 



3,587 



No re- 
port as 
to rela- 
tion- 
ship of 
parents. 



48 
2,440 



Par- 
ents 

Lr-r 



Parents 
not 
first 

cousins. 



IV. 



100 

489 

1,352 

18,734 
664 



7 56 

2 14 

5 ! 42 

2 191 



2 
1 

1 
2 
1 
X 

6,824 



No re- 
port as 
to rela- 
tion- 
ship of 
parents. 



Par- 
ents 
first 

cousins 



12,923 



6,177 

8,036 

172 



No re- 
port as 
to rela- 
tion- 
ship of 



132 ; 
1S1 



Includes 425 persons whose age at enumeration was not reported. 



a 



\UXD IX THE UXTTED STATES. 



— SPIED AODOKDISG 



. 







HEREDITY AND BLINDNESS. 



49 



1\3le 20.— BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING 
TO SEX. RELATIONSHIP OF PARENTS, AND STATUS OF BROTHERS, SISTERS, AND CHILDREN AS TO VISION, 
FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920— Continued. 



BUND POPULATION FOR 'WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE P.ETUENEI): 



No re- 
port as 
to rela- 
tion- 
ship of 
parents. 



Par- 
ents 
first 



Parents 
not 
first 

cousins. 



No re- 
port as 
to rela- 
tion- 
ship of 
parents. 



Par- 
ents 
first 
cousins. 



Parents 
not 
first 

cousins. 



No re- 
port as 
to rela- 
tion- 
ship of 
parents. 



Reporting blind sons and blind daughters 

Reporting blind sons only 

No daughters 

Daughters not blind 

Reporting blind daughters only 

No sons 

Sons not blind 

Reporting no children 

Reporting children— none blind or none re- 
ported blind 

Not reporting as to children 



reporting no brothers or sisters. 



Reporting blind sons and blind daughters 

Reporting blind sons only 

No daughters 

Daughters not blind 

Reporting blind daughters only 

No sons 

Sons not blind 

Reporting no children 

Reporting children — none blind or none reported 

blind 

Not reporting as to children 



Reporting brothers 
ported blind 



sisters — none blind or 



Reporting blind sons and blind daughters 

Reporting blind sons only 

No daughters 

Daughters not blind 

Reporting blind daughters only 

N o sons 

Sons not blind 

Reporting no children 

Reporting cliildren— none blind or none reported 



3,160 
16,996 



18 
67 

3, or. 



Not reporting as to children . 



Not reporting as to brothers or 5 



2,052 
9,997 



1,965 
9,746 



Reporting blind sons and blind daughters 

Importing blind sons only 

No daughters .* 

Daughters not blind 

Reporting blind daughters only 

Nosons 

Sons not blind 

Reporting no children 

Reporting children— none blind or none reported 

Not reporting as to children 



Marital condition not reported. 



Reporting blind sons and blind daughters. 
Reporting blind sons only 

No daughters 

Daughters not blind 

Reporting blind daugh ters onl v 

No sons 

Sons not blind 

Reporting no cliildren 

Reporting children— none blind or no 

blind 

Not reporting as to children 



Reporting blind l.rolli'vs .nnf l. liud sisters 

Reporting blind brothers only 

No sisters 

Sisters not blind 

Reporting blind sisters only 

No brothers 

Brothers not blind 

Reporting no brothers or sisters 

Reporting brothers orsisters— none blind or none reported 

Not reporting as to brothers or 



96285°— 23- 



50 



THE BLIND IX THE UNITED STATES. 



Table 21— BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECLAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED. CLASSIFIED ACCORDING 
TO RACE. NATIVITY. SEX. RELATIONSHIP OF PARENTS. AND STATUS OF PARENTS AS TO VISION, FOR THE 
UNITED STATES: 1920. 





BLIND POFCLATIOS- 


FOE WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE BETUESED: 1920. 




fiTATCS AS TO VISION AND EELaTIONSBD? OF FAEEN7*. 


— 


White. 


Colored. 




Total. 


Native. Foreign-born. 


Total." 


Negro. 


Indian. 








Both Sexes. 








T tai 


40.913 


36.640 


30.313 6,327 


4,273 


3,936 




..... 




■ 

-- 

38,210 
1.041 


47 
1.398 

691 

34,261 
934 


41 6 
1,211 187 
■ 
393 


IS 

202 

n 

in 

3,949 
107 


10 
165 
75 
90 
3,673 
88 


- 






Father blind 


15 








79 


:•- 










821 
35 

a 

-•■ 

5 

3S.3S3 

■a 

... 

36,654 
132 

1.729 

11 

■ 


-■- 
I 

■ 

:■■■« 
5 

1.331 

671 
660 

^ fS 

133 

1,435 

1 

796 


725 


70 
1 
4 
1 
3 

65 


3 


20 










27 
17 
10 
693 
5 

28,424 
35 
1,156 
■•i= 
570 
27,120 
113 

1.164 

1 


4 


2 
2 




Father blind 


2 


Neither parent reported blind 


22 




4 




5.966 
5 

90 

5,766 

20 

291 


3.973 
10 
176 
79 
97 

3,768 
19 

274 
5 
22 
8 
14 
139 


3.704 

152 
69 
83 
3,328 
17 

212 
3 
11 
4 
7 
127 
71 






































3 

5 

121 


















- 










VALE. 




23.977 


21,330 


17,451 3,879 


2.647 


2.44J 


n 








36 

• 
410 

22.497 

m 


29 
"•- 
411 
351 
20,035 
.504 


4 

112 

54 

293 I 58 

1 

m 92 


118 

59 
59 

2,462 
60 


97 
51 
46 
2,293 
45 


3 












13 


Neither parent reported blind 


148 








457 

.. 

•s 

822 

384 

21,598 
80 

M 

5 
36 

-.6 

■ 

m 


439 

> 
- 

418 

2 
20,069 

24 

722 

:-.- 
1 1 

19.2S2 

71 

-_ 
4 

fx 

11 

a 


392 


47 
1 
2 


IS 


13 










16 
12 

4 
374 

2 

16.406 

21 
619 
336 
283 
15,704 
62 

653 

4 

15 

9 

6 

288 

348 


4 
4 


1 




2 




2 




- 
44 






14 


" 










3.663 

103 

52 

51 

3,548 

9 

169 


2.461 

m 

50 

50 

2.346 

1 

vat 

i 

14 

' 

\ •: 

51 


2,298 

s 

2,201 

131 
1 
- 
1 

5 

'■- 
41 






3 




12 








9 




8 




2 




a 








2 
5 
79 

n3 


6 


Father blind 

Mother blind 


2 

4 




18 




9 







1 Includes 29 other colored, chiefly Chinese and Japanese, as well as Negroes and Indians. Of these, 23 were males ar*-: I were SmbIm. 



HEREDITY AND BLINDNESS. 



51 



Table 21.— BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING 
TO RACE, NATIVITY, SEX, RELATIONSHIP OF PARENTS, AND STATUS OF PARENTS AS TO VISION, FOR THE 
UNITED STATES: 1920— Continued. 



JLATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL Si E RETURNED: 



STATUS AS TO VIMON' ASH RELATIONSHIP OF PARENTS. 



Native. Foreign-born 



Total 


16,936 


15,310 


12,862 


2,448 


1,626 


1,494 


126 


Both parents reported blind 


1 26 


18 
636 
296 
340 
14,226 
430 


16 
561 
261 
300 
11,945 
340 


2 
75 
35 
40 
2,281 
90 


84 
32 
52 
1,487 
47 


6 

68 
24 
44 
1,3.80 
40 


2 








Mother blind 


392 
















Parents first cousins 


| 364 


356 


333 


23 


8 


7 


1 






13 
6 

7 

340 

3 

14,321 
16 
609 
283 
326 
13,634 
62 

i«3 
2 
14 
7 
7 
252 
365 


11 
5 

319 
3 

12,018 
14 
537 
250 
287 
11,416 
51 

511 
2 
13 
6 
7 
210 
286 


2 
21 








: 6 
















8 


7 






' 3 






j 15,833 


2,303 
2 

72 

33 

39 

2,218 

122 


1,512 
4 
76 
29 
47 

1,422 
10 

106 

4 
S 
3 
5 
57 
37 


1,406 
4 
05 
23 
42 

1.327 
10 

SI 
2 
3 

2 
46 
30 






20 


















373 












72 












6 






! 22 


1 






10 






12 






309 


42 
79 




Not reporting as to vision of parents 


402 


7 



52 



THE BLLVD IX THE UNITED STATES. 



■22.— BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED. CLASSIFIED ACCORDING 
TO REPORTED CAUSE OF BLINDNESS. RELAT. NSH 7 PABEXTS kSl STATUS 7 . . 

FOR THE UNITE!' 3IA.TEE 1» 








.■ •-■:::- 


.■-_ ...-;: --i._T._-; - ■--■ 






.. :---;.-... 








l 


5 


4 




7 
4 


2 


r 


5 
1 


i 

i" 




2 
71 


12 

2 


12 

2 
1 


. 


...... 

1 


39 

n 


48 

27 
U 


- 
■ 


i 







. 






3 
2 
1 


■ 


14 



■■- 






- 

: 

4 J 

- 
- 

2 3 
2 

e ** 

3 1 



73 
■ 
43 
13 





- 








: 




. 


! 

: 
: 




i" 






3 
3 
4 
2 
1 






2 










. 




- 










- 














. 











- 






M 




1 


"" 




■ 




• 


45 




2 


: 




S3 


_ 




n 




1 






» 






HEREDITY AND BLINDNESS. 



53 



Table 22.— BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED. CLASSIFIED ACCORDING 
TO REPORTED CAUSE OF BLINDNESS, RELATIONSHIP OF PARENTS, AND STATUS OF PARENTS AS TO VISION, 
FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920— Continued. 





BLIND POPULATION FOR ■WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED: 1920. 


REPORTED CAUSE OF BLINDNESS. 


Total. 


Both 

parents 

ported 
blind. 


One parent only 
reported blind. 


Neither 
parent 
reported 
blind. 


Notre- 
porting 
as to 
vision 
of par- 
ents. 


Total. 


Both 
par- 
rents 
re- 
ported 
blind. 


One parent only 
reported blind." 


Nei- 
ther 
parent 

re- 
ported 
blind. 


Not 
re- 




Total. 


Father 
blind. 


Mother 
blind. 


Total. 


Fath- Moth- 
er | er 
blind. | blind. 


asto 

vision 
of par- 
ents. 


» 


aggregate — continued. 


F.ARENTS FIBST COUSINS— continued. 


IV.— Other definitely reported causes 


626 


1 


19 


S 


11 


599 


7 


14 










14 
















142 

24 
113 

431 

264 
167 
53 

9,119 


1 
i" 

25 


1 
2 

2 

12 

4 

8 
2 

369 


6 

2 
4 

1 

181 


4 

2' 

2 

6 

2 
4 

1 

188 


132 

4 

21 

107 

416 

158 
51 

8, .549 


4 


9 










9 


















3 
3 
2 


3 
6 

5 

3 
2 










3 
6 

5 

3 

2 




























Acids and other substances of a chemically de- 




































V. — Causes indefinitely or inaccurately re- 


176 


276 


1 


- 


S 


4 


267 








Congenital (cause not stated) 

Old age 

Neuralgia 

Exposuro to heat 

Sore eyes 

Strained eyes 

Military service 

Medical malpractice 


2, 635 
770 
548 
507 
497 
226 
223 
220 
212 
187 
176 
154 
121 
107 
38 
32 
31 
2,435 

336 
5, 125 


12 
3 


94 
43 
25 
21 
21 
10 
7 

16 
2 

3 
2 

1 


53 
15 
10 

4 
4 

6" 

2 

1 

1 

1 


41 
28 
15 
13 
13 
6 
3 

10 

2 


2,451 

521 
476 
468 
215 
211 
213 
193 
184 
170 
152 
118 
103 
37 
31 
27 
2,291 

320 
4,461 


36 
2 

10 
6 

5 

3 
1 
4 

.. 

1 
22 


410 


155 
5 

12 
6 

23 
4 
2 

5 


1 


I 


1 


1 


151 
4 
12 
6 

~4 

1 
5 


1 














1 


1 




































Paralysis 

Wrong medicine or treal ment 

Colds 

Catarrh 

Change of life (menopause) 

Malaria 

Electric light 

Exposure to cold 

All other 

Y I.— Combination of different classes of 












1 
1 










1 
1 
2 

1 

1 
















1 




1 
























1 

5 


3 
115 

10 
249 


2 
64 

6 
126 


i 

51 

4 
123 












121 




2 


1 




53 

8 

117 




VII.— Cause unknown or not reported 




6 


4 


2 






PARENTS NOT FIRST COUSINS. 


NOT REPORTED AS TO RELATIONSHIP OF PARENTS. 




38,363 


50 


1,507 


750 


757 


36,654 


152 


1,729 


11 


58 


20 


32 


776 










IS, 526 


25 


7% 


386 


410 


17,656 


49 


633 


3 


25 


13 


12 


315 










13,098 


18 


675 


327 


348 


12,368 


37 


496 


2 


21 


11 


10 


244 










2,029 

513 

1,099 

■Id 

347 
30 

■112 
257 
21 
82 
37 
15 

23S 
212 
26 

1,884 

476 

4(1 
100 

175 

2,335 
1,662 

4,660 
4,651 


3 
2 

1 


41 
23 

1 

10 
2 

13 


24 
14 
3 

6 

6 
3 


1 

4 

1 

4 


1,974 

484 

1,087 

39 

336 
28 

397 

24S 
21 
80 
34 
14 

233 
208 

53 
1,756 

454 
36 
98 
86 

162 
72 

2,244 

1,593 

651 

4,303 
4,294 


11 
4 
6 

1 


138 

:>5 

89 

4 

8 
2 

22 

2 
16 


1 


i 


4 
3 


2 


69 
17 
42 

2 

11 

1 
9 


62 










Gonococcus conjunctivitis (.exclusive of ophthal- 




All other ophthalmia and ophthalmia not speci- 






























































2 


1 

5 
4 

1 

2 
120 

22 
4 


1 
2 


I 

2 
69 

11 

1 
























All other 


<r 

5 
4 
1 

12 

12 


1 

2 
1 

1 

26 

12 
2 

6 
2 

73 
57 
16 

173 
173 
















4 
4 

"si 

11 
1 




1 


1 




















1 


1 












5 
12 

1 
1 
4 
1 
1 

40 
34 
6 

80 
80 








3 


3 
















































1 

9 
9 


13 
3 

85 
64 
21 

336 

336 


2 

41 
30 
11 

1(18 
108 


1 

44 
34 

10 

108 
108 












AU other 














1 
1 


3 
8 


3 


2 
1 

5 




















All other 





54 



THE BLIND IN THE UNITED STATES. 



Table 22.— BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, CLASSIFED ACCORDING - 
TO REPORTED CAUSE OF BLINDNESS, RELATIONSHIP OF PARENTS, AND STATUS OF PARENTS AS TO VISION, 
FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920— Continued. 





BLIND POPULATION FOP. WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED: 1920. 




REPORTED CAUSE OF BLINDNESS. 


Total. 


Both 
parents 

re- 
ported 
blind. 


One parent only 
reported blind. 


Neither 
parent 
reported 
blind. 


Not re- 
porting 
as to 
vision 
of par- 
ents. 


Total. 


Both 
par- 
ents 
re- 
pom-1 
blind. 


One parent only 
reported blind. 


Nei- 
ther 


Not 
re- 




Total. 


Father Mother 
blind, blind. 


Total. 


Fath- 
blind. 


Moth- 
er 
blind. 


re- 
ported 
blind. 


as to 
vision 
of par- 
ents. 




parents not np.sT covstns— continued. 


NOT REPORTED AS TO RELATIONSHIP or PARENTS— con. 


L— Disease — Continued. 
A.— Specific affection of the eye— Continued. 
Amanrosisand other disturbances of vision without 


46 

109 

244 

121 
123 

47 
147 
416 

- 


1 


l 


1 
2 

2 
2 


3 
2 


44 
97 

239 
117 
122 

47 
141 
3*6 




1 
4 

2 
2 












1 












2 

2 
2 


3 


the 




































Buphthalmos hvdrophthalmia. macrophthalmia . . 




11 


4 
9 
21 

137 










3 
6 

6 

71 




1 


119 


2 
IS 

50 


2 
14 










3 


Combination of two or more diseases of the eye 

B —Disease other than specific affection of the 










15 


, 


1 


2 


2 


61 








752 
502 
394 
366 
273 
--■ 
225 
177 
154 
159 
138 
EH 

89 

• 

6S 
43 
14 

216 

41 

299 
589 


1 

...... 

1 


1 

4 

5 
12 
2 

1 

6 

7 
1 
5 
2 
2 
2 


10 
2 
3 
2 
3 

1 
2 

4 
1 

4 
1 
2 


2 
2 
3 
9 

3 
3 

- 


497 

361 
261 
244 

221 

■ 

153 
130 

83 

B 

13 
1,241 

. . 

41 

5,560 

-•- 
571 


4 

i" 


19 
14 
17 
11 

2 

3 

> 
4 




1 




1 


11 
8 

11 
5 
3 


7 




6 












6 




1 


1 




1 


4 




4 












2 


4m oNivr^ 










5 
3 

8 

2 


2 
























20 




- 


1 


1 




1 
























1 


2 




1 


1 






1 


Puerperal fever 

Blight's disease.. 










1 














































2 


32 

4 

2 

104 

1 

17 


1 

II 
2 

60 
2 


... .„. 

- 

2 

44 

1 


2' 

13 


2l' 

1 






■ 




15' 




All other diseases, not specific affections of the eye. . 


I 

1 


C— Specific affection of the eye returned for 
one eye. disease other than of the eye for 














II.— Accident or other injury (including 


169 
23 


' 


' 


1 


1 


79 

1 
14 


■ 






IV.— Other definitely reported causes. . . . . 




2 


1 


1 


.7 




:- 

5 
17 
100 

252 
162 
53 

8,499 


20 


11 

2 

341 


1 

E 

2 
3 

16S 


2" 

6 

2 

4 

173 


117 
4 

15 
98 

M 

248 

155 

a 

8,088 




11 




. 




1 


6 


4 










4 

: 

12 

9 
3 










3 
3 

8 

7 
1 




ufnther 




1 
1 


1 




3 




3 


Acids and other substances of a chemically de- 


a 






1 


1 




1 






V.— Causes indeiinitelv or inaccurately re- 


50 1 344 


4 


21 


10 


11 


194 


125 




- 

a 

456 
- 

219 
213 
204 
183 
170 
150 
US 
106 
37 
29 
30 
2.315 

321 
4.450 


3 
8 

i 


B 
41 

-_ 

17 
10 

7 
2 
16 

.' 
2 
3 

2 
2 
1 


15 
10 
6 
6 

4 
4 

6 

1 
2 

1 
1 

1 


39 
26 
13 

11 
11 
6 
3 

- 
10 

1 

i 

1 
1 


2,213 
664 
503 
461 
435 
205 
209 
209 
S 
1>1 
168 
14S 
116 
102 
36 
29 

a 

■ 

4.175 


26 
4 

3 
i 

2 

1 


-■ 

53 
9 
20 

18 

7 
2 
6 

5 
3 




5 

1 
2 
4 
3 


4 

2' 

1 


1 

2 
2 
2 


87 
20 
6 
9 
11 
6 


51 


















strained eves 


2 
3 


Military semco.. 










3 

1 
3 
1 
3 




















::::::: 




1 


C<ids: 




Change of life (BMnopanse) 

Malaria. 


!. 




::::::: 








i 


1 


Exposure to cold 


6 


3 
107 


2 
60 

6 

121 


1 
47 

115 


3 

37 


1 
65 

7 
552 


1 


6" 


3 


3" 


43 

4 

169 


1 
15 


VI. — Combination of different classes of 


3 


VTI.— Caus? unknown or not reported. . 


2 


236 


3 


7 


1 


6 


373 



HEREDITY AND BLINDNESS. 



55 



Table 23.— BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING 
TO AGE WHEN VISION WAS LOST, RELATIONSHIP OF PARENTS, AND STATUS OF PARENTS AS TO VISION, FOR 
THE UNITED STATES: 1920. 



Total 

Both parents reported blind 

Oneparent only reported blind 

Father blind 

Mother blind 

Neither parent reported blind 

Not reporting as to vision of parents 

Parents first cousins 

Both parents reported blind 

One parent only reported blind 

Father blind 

Mother blind 

Neither parent reported blind 

Not reporting as to vision of parents.. 

Parents not first cousins 

Both parents reported blind 

One parent only reported blind 

Father blind 

Mother blind 

Neither parent reported blind 

Not reporting as to vision of parents. . . 

Not reporting as torelalionship of parents. 

Both parents reported blind 

One parent only reported blind 

Father blind 

Mother blind 

Neither parent reported blind 

Not reporting as to vision of parents.. 



BLIND POPULATION FOE WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED: 1920. 



750 
757 

:;o,t;:.i 
152 



Not born blind. 



Losing vision at- 



Less than 20 years of age. 



Age not 
definitely 
reported. 



20 years of age or over. 



20 to 
24 

vear.^. 



25 to 
44 

years.: 



45 to 

64 

years. - 



237 
258 

8, 213 



219 
248 

7, 074 



1 Includes those for whom aze when vision was lost was not reported. 

2 Included under the appropriate age groups are time whose si-beilules indicated the period of 
became blind in earlv adult life (26 to 14 i; 108 in. middle life (4:, to 04); and 150 in old age (65 or over;. 



W. but not the exact age at which vision was last. Of these. 



56 



THE BLIND IN THE UNITED STATES. 



Table 24.— BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING 
TO REPORTED CAUSE OF BLINDNESS AND STATUS OF BROTHERS AND SISTERS AS TO VISION, FOR THE 
UNITED STATES: 1920. 



REPORTED CAUSE OF BLINDNESS. 



BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED: 



and 
blind 

sisters. 



Reporting blind brothers 
only. 



Sisters 

not 
blind. 



Reporting blind sisters 
only. 



Broth- 
ers not 

Mind. 



Report- 
ing no 
broth- 
ers or 

sisters. 



Report- 
ing 
brother.^ 



none re- 
ported 
tlind. 



All causes 

I.— Disease 

A.— Specific affection of the eye . 



Diseases of the conjunctiva 

Trachoma (granulated eyelids) 

Ophthalmia neonatorum 

Gonococcus conjunct! . itis (exclusive of ophthalmia neona- 
torum) 

All other ophthalmia and ophthalmia not specified 

All other 



Diseases of the cornea 

Corneal ulcer 

Staphyloma 

Keratitis (not otherwise specified). 

Corneal opacities 

All other 



Diseases of the iris 

Iritis (not otherwise specified). 
All other 



of the retina 

Retinitis pigmentosa 

Retinitis hemorrhagica 

All other retinitis 

Detachment of the retina. 
Allother , 



Diseases of the optic nerve 

Atrophy of the optic nerve. 
Allother 



Diseases of the crystalline lens . 

Cataract 

Allother 



Amaurosis and other disturbances of vision without ophthal- 
moscopic changes 

Progressive myopia 



Cancer and other neoplasms 

Neoplasms of the eyeball 

Neoplasms other than of the eyeball 

Bupnthalmos, hydrophtbalmia, macrophthalmia . 

All other diseases of the eye 

Combination of two or more diseases of the eye 



B— Disease other than specific affection of the eye . 



Scarlet fever 

Other diseases of the head. 

Influenza (grippe) 

Typhoid fever 

Smallpox 

Rheumatism 



:<l 



er acute eruptions of the skin. 





Diabetes 

Puerperal fever 

Brignt's disease 

Locomotor ataxia 

Diphtheria 

Tuberculosis 

All other diseases, not specific affections of the eye . 
Combination of two or more diseases , 



C— Specific affection of the eye returned for one eye, dis- 
ease other than of the eye for the other 



II.— Accident or other injury (including sympatheti 
ophthalmia) 



19, 483 

13, SIC 



45 
14 

1,318 



2 OIC 

1,413 

573 



HEREDITY AND BLINDNESS. 



57 



Table 24.— BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING 
TO REPORTED CAUSE OF BLINDNESS AND STATUS OF BROTHERS AND SISTERS AS TO VISION, FOR THE 
UNITED STATES: 1920— Continued. 



REPORTED CAUSE OF BLINDNESS. 



BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED: 1920. 



Report- 
ing 
blind 
broth- 
ers 
and 
blind 
sisters. 



Reporting blind brothers 
only. 



Sisters 

not 
blind. 



Reporting blind sisters 
only. 



Broth- 
ers not 
blind. 



Report- 
ing no 
broth- 
ers or 

sisters. 



Report- 
ing 
brothers 
or sisters, 
none 
blind 

none re- 
ported 
Dlind. 



Not 
report 



IV.— Other definitely reported causes 

Malformations 

Of the crystalline lens 

Albinism 

All other 

Foreign substances in the eye 

Acids and other substances of a chemically destructive 
nature 

Dust and other foreign particles 

All other 

V. — Cause indefinitely or inaccurately reported 

Congenital (cause not stated) 

Old age 

Neuralgia 

Exposure to heat 

Sore eyes 

Strained eyes 

Military service 

Medical malpractice 

Scrofula 

Paralysis 

Wrong medicine or treatment 

Colds 

Catarrh 

Change of life (menopause) 

Malaria 

Electric light 

Exposure to cold 

Allother 

VI.— Combination of different classes of causes 

VII.— Cause unknown or not reported 



336 
5,125 



30 

28 

2,005 



Table 25.— BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED REPORTING CHILDREN, 
CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO REPORTED CAUSE OF BLINDNESS AND STATUS OF CHILDREN AS TO VISION, 
FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920. 





BLTND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED REPORTING CHILDREN: 1920. 


REPORTED CAUSE OF BLINDNESS. 


Total. 


Report- 
ing blind 
sons and 
blind 
daugh- 
ters. 


Reporting blind sons only. 


Reporting blind daughters 
only. 


Reporting 
children— 
none blind 
or none 
reported 
blind. 




Total. 


No 
daugh- 
ters. 


Daugh- 
ters not 
blind. 


Total. 


No sons. 


Sons not 
blind. 

92 




20,359 


68 


155 


50 


105 


125 


33 


20,011 






10,091 


22 


79 


26 


53 | 64 


20 


44 


9,926 






7,694 


15 


63 


22 


41 


48 


13 


35 


7,568 






551 
328 
67 
10 
128 
18 

161 
135 
6 
5 
10 
5 

137 
124 
13 

14 
1,414 

273 
17 
67 
46 
97 
46 


1 


7 
4 




7 
4 


4 
4 


1 


















Gbnoeoccus conjunctivitis (exclusive of ophthalmia neonatorum).. 












10 




2 




2 











Allother 






:::::::::: 






18 






1 




1 


i 




2 


158 




















































i 






9 






1 




1 


































124 






































2 
1 


S 


4 
2 


4 


2 


4 

1 


4 

1 
























2 


1 


1 






1 


1 


1 
















All other 










46 



58 



THE BLIND IN THE UNITED STATES. 



Table 25.— BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED REPORTING CHILDREN- 
CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO REPORTED CAUSE OF BLINDNESS AND STATUS OF CHILDREN AS TO VISION' 
FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920— Continued. 





BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED REPORTING CHILDREN: 1920. 


REPORTED CAUSE OP BLINDNESS. 


Total. 


Report- 
ing blind 
sons and 
blind 
daugh- 
ters. 


Reporting blind sons only. 


Reporting blind daughters 
only. 


Reporting 
children— 
none blind 
or none 
reported 
blind. 




Total. 


No 
daugh- 
ters. 


Daugh- 
ters not 
blind. 


Total. 


No sons. 


Son= not 
blind. 


I.— Disease — Continued . 
A.— Specific affection of the eye— Continued. 


i,asi 

939 
442 

3,265 

3,260 

5 

20 

52 

99 
56 

43 

1 
59 
267 

2,370 





13 
9 

1 

27 
27 


7 
4 
3 

7 
7 


6 
5 

20 
20 


6 

1 
2 

22 
22 


J 


5 
3 
2 

16 
16 


















10 
10 


6 
6 


3,206 








Amaurosis and other disturbances of rL<ion without ophthalmoscopic 


1 
























1 

1 

1 




1 

1 

1 










1 
1 




i 














































1 

3 

16 


1 
1 

4 




1 
1 

16 












12 




1 

9 






7 


7 


2,331 






311 
92 
-■> 

101 

175 
99 
99 

120 
56 

99 
46 
73 
84 
49 
39 
5 
2 
659 
85 

27 

2,914 
185 
300 




4 


2 


2 


2 


1 


1 












1 


















r 




1 












1 




2 


2 










1 






- 




2 








1 
































i 


1 
















1 
1 






























1 




1 






















1 


1 














1 




1 




1 






1 




1 






















2 


2 




2 


2 


3 
1 


4 
1 










C. — Specific affect ion of the eye ret umed for one eye. disease other 










27 


II. Accidents or other injury (including sympathetic oph- 


5 


13 


3 


10 


11 


5 


6 


2,8.45 




185 




, 


2 




2 








297 
















4 
2 

261 
146 
115 

35 

4,110 
















4 



















2 






















1 


2 
1 




2 

1 
1 








sa 


Acids and other substances of a chemically destructive nature 












1 










113 












35 




26 


41 


13 23 


30 


5 


25 


4,013 








149 
666 


- 
1 


7 

4 

2 

5 

1 
1 


4 


4 
4 
5 
4 


3 


1 
3 
5 

3 


135 




656 












376 










1 


3 


2 
1 

1 


:::::::::. 


218 






148 


Medical malpractice .' 54 










176 


1 
2 
1 










53 


1 
1 


1 




2 


i 


1 


80 




1 


114 




55 
73 










55 


Colds 
















73 




1 
1 








1 




1 


75 




98 
18 
19 


2 




2 




95 


Malaria .1 










IS 
















19 


















21 




1,321 

216 

2,543 


12 


12 

4 

16 


3 
6 


9 
2 
10 


7 

2 

18 




7 
15 


1,290 




210 




14 


■ 


2,495 







EDUCATION. 



59 



Table 26.— BLIND POPULATION 5 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, 
CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO AGE AT ENUMERATION AND EDUCATION, FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920. 



Having attended school. 



Having attended special school or workshop for the blind . 

Having attended other schools also 

% Common school only 

High school or academy 

University or college 

Schools of miscellaneous character 

Schools of character not reported 

Havingattended no other school 

Reporting no other i nstruction 

Reportinginstruction at home 



Not having attended s] lecial school or workshop for the blind. 
Having attended — 

Common school only 

High school or academy 

University or college 

Schools of miscellaneous character 

Schools of character not reported 



Not having attended school. 



Reporting instruction at home. 
Reporting no instruction 



Not reporting as to education. 



*D POPULATION 5 YEARS OF AGE OK OVER FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED: 1920. 



8,724 

8,197 

527 

7,785 

4,587 
495 
179 
477 

2,047 

19,854 



5 to 9 
years 
of age. 



10 to 14 
years 
of age. 



13 to 19 
years 
of age. 



20 to 24 
years 
of age. 



25 to 44 
years 
of age. 



165 
1,221 



45 to 64 
years 
of age. 



2,619 
893 
515 



171 

2,611 



%J™ S Age not 
ofoX. "ported 



5, 119 
61 



Table 27.— BLIND POPULATION 5 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED. 
CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO AGE WHEN VISION WAS LOST AND EDUCATION, FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920. 



EDUCATION. 



Having attended school . 



Having attended special school or workshop for 
the blind. 

Having attended other schools also 

Common school only 

High school or academy 



Schools of miscellaneous character. 
Schools of character not reported . . 

Havingattended no other school 

Reporting no other instruction 

Reporting instruction at home 



Not having attended special school or workshop for 

the blind 

Having attended- 
Common school only 

High school or academy 



Schools of character not reported . 



Not having attended school . 



Not reporting as to education. 



BLIND POPULATION 5 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED: 1920." 



382 

8,724 

8,197 

527 



179 

477 

2,047 



Number losing vision at— 



Less than 20 years of age. 



7,346 

7,084 

262 



Less 
than 

lyear. 



I , .V-M 

1,475 

54 



56 
24 

1,200 
1,159 



10 to 

14 
years. 



19 

years. 



Age 
not 
defi- 

ruti'h 



20 years of age or over. 



3,707 
428 
165 



16,312 
1,013 



20 to 

24 
years. 



25 to 
44 

years. : 



64 

years. 



171 | 2,727 



65 

years 



1,103 
486 



1 Includes those whose ago was not reported. 

• Included under the appropriate age groups are those whose schedules indicated the period of life, but not the exact age ,at which i 
blind in infancy (under 5); 75 in earlier adult life (25 to 44); 10S in middle life (45 to 64); and 156 in old age (65 or over). 



60 



THE BLIXD IN THE UXITED STATES. 



Table 28.— BLIXD POPULATION 5 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES Y\"ERE RETURNED, 
CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO RACE. NATIVITY. SEX. EDUCATION. AND ABILITY TO READ RAISED TYPE. 
FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920. 



BLIND POPULATION 



AGE OR OVEB FOP. WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDrLES TIP.I P.ETrBNTD: 1920.: 





Reading raised 




ts 




Reading raised 




r 




Reading raised 






type. 


i 
>> 

i 


is 

- 




type. 




i§ 

31 




type. 




i 






1 






3 






i 






f 
1 


3 


2 

M 

a 


H 






i 
| 


a 


CO 


fa 






1 

| 


I 




-- 


5 


I 


S 


'-1 


~ 


■3 


i 


" 


e 


So 


■3 


~ 


| 


































* 




- 


-= 


z 


z 


~ 




- 


a 


z 


z 


~ 


~ 


- 


E 





ALL CLASSES. 



All classes 40, 



Having attended sehooL. 



Having attended r 
shop for the blind 



al school or work- 



Having attended other schools also ! 

Common school only 

High school or academy I 

University or college 

Schools of miscellaneous character. . 

Schools of character not reported 
Having attended no other school ] 

Reporting no other instruction 

Reporting instruction at home ] 



Not having attended special schooler work- 
shop for the blind 



Having attended- 
Common school only 

High school or academy 

University or college 

Schools of miscellaneous character. 
Schools of character not reported. . 



Not having attended school. 



Reporting instruction at home ■ 
Reporting no instruction 



Not reporting as to education. 






5.357 

%0BD 

327 



2,322 2,116 



1,472 

1,400 

72 



6,030 4, -.2 :.>- 



:. see 
m 



- 



4,573 1,110 



842 5, 339 3,955)1,384 11, 101 402 
951 4, 730 3, 407 1, 263 3, 015" 105 



1,88 



2. 53 

aa 

107 



10,442 



'I II I I 
243 5,100 4,431 3,2191,212 



,395 1,275 S96 






229 3,705 3,156' 



53 2A51 



33 1,894 

4 245 

1 .50 

2 223 
13 439 



5 f. 
124 8,( 



377 172 
348 172 

a 






Having, attended school. 



Having attended special school or work- 
shop for the blind n,W 



Having attended other schools also 

Common school only 

High school or academy 

University or college 

Schools of miscellaneous character 

Schools of character not reported . . 
Having attended no other sehooL 

Reporting no otheT instruction 

Reporting instruction at home '- 



351 



Not having attended special school or work- 
shop for the blind 7,125 



High school or academy 
University or college — 
"> of I 



Schools of character not reported . . 



Not having attended school- 



Reporting instruction at home '■ . 
Reporting no instruction 



L 

17,046 




248 129 35 


166 


14!? 


14 


m 


108 


34 


in 


62 


105 


: , ~: 


1,432! 


1,358 


4.: ■-. 


1,313 


1,291 


m 


119 


68 


m 


106 


6,12.5 









144! 20 3, 96S 
19 
2li 10 134 
289i 
197 



Not reporting as to education 375 10 9 

1 Indudet Xt^e?eie!v^g1^ Son t af iiome bv private tutors, home teachers for the bund, or other special teachers; does not include cases where such instructs 
seemed to consist only of more or less desultory teaching by parents or other relatives. 



USE OF RAISED TYPE. 



61 



Table 28.— BLIND POPULATION 5 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, 
CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO RACE, NATIVITY. SEX, EDUCATION, AND ABILITY TO READ RAISED TYPE, 
FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920— Continued. 



BLHfD POPULATION 5 TEAKS OF AGE OE OVER FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED: 1920. ' 



Reading raised 




i? 


type. 




•= . 


















>> 

§ 


5 
§ 


1 

s 

a 
1 


1 

as 


3 




t 


£ 


*2 












e-> 


° 


U 


fc 


z 



Reading raised 
type. 



I Reading raised 
type. 



Having attended school. 



Having attended special school or work- 
shop for the blind 



Having attened other schools also 

Common school only 

High school or academy 

University or college 

Schools of miscellaneous character 

Schools of character not reported. . . 
Having attended no other school. . . 

Reporting no other instruction 

Reporting instruction at home ; 



Not having attended specialschool or work- 
shop for the blind 



2, 403 

1,478 

2.50 



Having attended- 
Common school only 

High school or academy 

University or college 

Schools of miscellaneous character 
Schools of character not reported. . 



Not having attended school. 



Not reporting as to education. 



216 ! 4,999 1,217 14,521 



214 
174 
158 

:;. 442 

:;,2oi 

211 



4,197 

3,993 

204 



2,00) 

201 
106 



6, 772 



5,656 4,566 1,090 11 



199 
151 

131 
3,212 
3,036 

176 



11 

108 

1643 



27S 


11 


24 




11 




21 


1 


71 


1 


-it 


181 


776 


181 


28 





1,900 

172 
88 
124 
993 



6,577 



- 



433 127 3,254 



2,129 



Having attended school. 



Having attended special school or work- 
shop for the blind 



Having attended other schools also 

Common school only 

High school or academy 

University or college 

Schools of miscellaneous character 
Schools of character not reported . . 

Having attened no other school 

Reporting no other instruction 

Reporting instruction at home- 



Having attended- 
Common school onlv 

High school or academy 

University or college . . .' 

Schools of miscellaneous character. 
Schools of character not reported. . 



2,i'.4s 
1,763 



Not having attended school. 



Reporting instruction at he 
Reporting no instruction. . 



Not reporting as to education. 



:<,n:;i 
2, S13 

.'Is 



3, 32G 
3,110 



2, 198 



2,055 



1 Includes those whose age was not reported. 

: Includes only those receiving instruction at home by private tutors, home teachers, for the blind, or other special teachers; does not include cases where such instruction 
seemed to consist only of more or less desultory teaching by parents or other relatives. 



62 



THE BLIND IN THE UNITED STATES. 



Table 28 BLIND POPULATION 5 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURN ED 

CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO RACE. NATIVITY. SEX. EDUCATION. AND ABILITY TO READ RAISED TYPE' 
FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920— Continued. 







BLIND POPULATION 5 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED: 1921 








•a 
1 


Reading raised 
type. 


| 
s 

I 


1 

II 


1 

E-> 


Reading raised 
type. 


| 

i 
1 

M 

C 

1 


si 

II 

o 
55 


= 
£ 


Reading raised 
type. 


I 

1 

2? 
£ 


£2 

11 

ts 

o 


EDUCATION. 


i 


1 

I 

a 
O 


■6 

| 

c 
o 

1 
1 


3 


a 

•3 

a 
3 

o 


1 
§ 

1 


t 


- 
3 

1 


5 

c 
| 














COLORED. 














Total.' 






Negro. 








Indian. 












Both Sexes. 












i . 258 


691 


502 


97 


3,530 


129 


3,924 


561 


475 


86 


3,237| 126 


806 


38 


24 










1,418 


545 






790 


83 


1,332 


509 


430 


79 


740j 83 


75 


:;i 


H ~U 








Having attended special school or work- 


758 




433 


86 


160 


79 


709 




407 


77 


146 


79 


43 


::1 








Having attended other schools also 


188 
119 

16 
B 

16 

31 
570 
540 

30 

660 


141 
88 
16 
'■■ 
14 
17 

378 

26 

26 


117 
77 
12 
4 
8 
16 
316 
299 
17 

23 


24 
11 

4 
2 
6 

62 
53 
9 


47 
31 




170 
107 

16 
'. 

13 

28 
539 
509 

30 


129 
81 
16 
6 
11 
15 
355 
329 
26 

25 


m 

72 
12 
4 
6 
14 
299 
282 
17 


21 
9 
4 
2 
5 

56 
47 
9 


41 

26 




17 
11 


B 


8| 3 
4| 2 
























; 




Schools of miscellaneous character. 
Schools of character not reported.. 

Having attended no other school 

Reporting no other instruction 

Reporting instruction of home 3 ... . 

Not having attended special school or work- 


2 
14 
113 
109 

4 

630 


' '79 
79 

4 


2 
13 
105 
101 

594 


" "79 
79 


3 
3 

26 
26 


8 

2 
2(1 
2fl 


.......... 

2 

1.-, 
15 


6 

6 


4 


32 


















Having attended — 


403 
28 

12 
55 
162 


6 
2 


5 

1 


1 
1 


394 
26 
12 
50 

148 

2,721 


33 


383 
Zi 
11 

:..' 
150 


1 


5 


1 


374 
26 
11 
47 

136 

2,481 


3 


17 


















j 




..... 
32 


3 
11 

226 












4 
14 

54 


3 
14 

46 


1 
8 


4 
14 

52 


■i 
14 

45 


1 
7 








:; 














-' 


, 












102 
2,706 

S3 


45 
9 


38 


: 


53 
2,668 

19 


■t 
29 

13 


H 
27 


44 

8 


:,7 
8 


7 


50 
2,431 

16 


4 
28 

11 


222 
5 




1 







































Having attended school. 



shop for the blind 

Having attended other schools also 

Common school only 

High school or academy 

University or college 

Schools of miscellaneous character. 

Schools of character not reported . . 
Having attended no other school 

Reporting no other instruction 

Reporting instruction at home 3 — 



Not having attended special school or wort- 
shop for the blind 



Having attended- 
Common school only 

High school or academy 

University or college 

Schools of miscellaneous character. 
Schools of character not reported.. 



Not having attended school. 



Reporting instructional home 3 
Reporting no instruction 



Not reporting as to education. 



1 Includes those whose age wjs not reported. 

1 Includes 28 other colored, chiefly Chinese and Japanese, as well as Negroes and Indians. Of these, 22 were males and 6 were females. 

8 Includes only those receiving instructions at home by private tutors, home teachers, for the blind, or other special teachers: does not include cases vhere such 
instruction seemed to consist only of more or less desultory teaching by parents or other relatives. 



USE OF RAISED TYPE. 



63 



Table 28.— BLIND POPULATION 5 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCEDULES WERE RETURNED, 
CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO RACE, NATIVITY, SEX, EDUCATION, AND ABILITY TO READ RAISED TYPE, 
FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920— Continued. 



BLIND POPULATION 5 YEARS OP AGE OR OYER FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED: 1920J 



Reading raised 
type. 



Reading raised 
type. 



Reading raised 
type. 



Negro. 



HaYing attended school. 



Having attended special schools or work- 
shop for the blind 



Having attended other schools also — 

Common school only 

High school or academy 

University or college. . .' 

Schools Of miscellaneous character. 

Schools of character not reported. . 
Having attended no other school 

Reporting no other instruction 

Reporting instruction at home 3 ... 



Not having at tended special school ( 
shop for the blind 



work- 



Having attended- 
Common school only 

High school or academy 

University or college 

Schools of miscellaneous character. 
Schools of character not reported. . 



Not having attended school. 



Reporting instruction at home 3 
Reporting no instruction 



Not reporting as to education. 



' Includes those whose age was not reported. 

' Includes 28 other colored, chiefly Chinese and Japanese, as well as Negroes anil Indians. Of these. 22 were males and li were females. 

• Includes only those receiving instruction at home by private tutors, home teachers, for the blind, or other special teachers: does not include classes where such 
• ruction seemed to consist only of more or less desultory teaching bv parents or other relatives. 



64 



THE BLIXD IX THE UNITED STATES. 



Table 29.— BLIND POPULATION 5 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED. 
CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO ABILITY TO READ RAISED TYPE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1920. 



BUSD POPTLATION" 5 TEARS OF AGE OB OVEB FOB WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WEBE BETCRN"ED: 1920.' 



DIVISION" UID STATE 




:-:".■■ toe those 



age w-is not reported. 



USE OF RAISED TYPE. 



65 



Table 30.— BLIND POPULATION 5 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, 
CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO RACE, NATIVITY, SEX, AND ABILITY TO READ RAISED TYPE, FOR THE UNITED 
STATES: 1920. 



BLIND POPULATION 5 YEARS OF AGE OE OVER FOE WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED: 



One kind i 

New York point 

Braille 

American 

English or European 

Revised grade 1J 

Kind not reported 

Line type or letter 

Moon type 

Kind not definitely reported. 
Kind not reported 



More than one kind 

New York point 

Braille 

American 

English or European 

Revised grade 1J 

Kind not reported 

Line type or letter 

Moon type 

Kind not definitely reported. 
Kind not reported 



450 

2,651 

1,390 
2, 715 
959 
301 
768 
687 



3, 390 

3, 251 
I, 35s 



Not reading raised type. 



Not reporting as to ability to read raised 

type 



5,328 
2,228 

2, 10n 



4,990. 
2.057; 
2,n;5 



200! 18 



12 


11 


47 


41 


30 


27 


37 


29 


11 




2 


2 


VI 




n 


12 


17 


15 


II 


11 


11 


11 


2 


2 


l,34v 


1,237 


51 


51 



those whose ago was not reported. 
Includes 28 other colored, chiefly Chinese and Japanese, as well as Negroes and Indians. Of these, 22 were males and 6 females. 



Table 31.— BLIND POPULATION 5 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, 
CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO AGE AT ENUMERATION AND ABILITY TO READ RAISED TYPE, FOR THE UNITED 
STATES: 1920. 



BLIND POPULATION 5 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, BY AGE: 1920. 



Total 

Reading raised type 

One kind only 

New York point 

Braille 

American 

English or European 

Revised grade 1$ 

Kind not reported 

Line type or letter 

Moon type 

Kind not definitely reported 

Kind not reported 

More than one kind 

New York point 

Braille 

American 

English or European 

Revised grade 1£ 

Kind not reported 

Line type or letter 

Moon type 

Kind not deliuitclv reported 

Kind not reported 

Not reading raised type 

Not reporting as to ability to read raised type 
96285°— 23 5 



9, 283 

3.S40 
3,610 

1,4SS 



2,715 
959 
301 
768 
687 
647 
447 



66 



THE BLIND IX THE EXITED STATES. 



Table 32.— BLIND POPULATION 5 YEARS OF AGE OR OYER FOR WHOM SPECLVL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, 
CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO AGE WHEN VISION WAS LOST AND ABILITY TO READ RAISED TYPE. FOR THE 
UNITED STATES: 1920. 

BLIND POFTEAT; -^HOM SPECIAL SCHZDVLES WEBE BETTRNT. . 



Number losing vision at- 



ability to eeat> saisit> type ui kind or type bead. 


TotaL 




Less than 20 years of age. 






-" r- ■•"■ 


of age or over. 








] 


i 
thin 5 


years. 




' 


Age 

not 

defi- 
nitely 

ported. 


TotaL 


20 to 24 

yean. 


25 to 44 
years. • 


45 to 64 
ft H8, - 


65 

7 -" 7 
over.' 


Age 
not re- 
ported. 


Total 








. n 








E 


:- 


- 






1,103 






. a 


' ' • 


- 


1 " 


■ 


170 






l.ri 




256 










a 

3, *40 
3.616 

536 

229 
935 
213 
450 

2,651 

1,390 

2.715 

959 

301 

768 

! 

790 

27.304 


6,901 

- 

2.906 

■ 
463 
1.155 
206 
103 
162 
332 

2.151 

240 
612 
537 
622 
201 
694 
37 

4.S36 


- 

44 

i 

735 

132 

^4 
100 
195 

L346 
477 
145 

~.< : 
341 
40S 
107 
427 
16 


1.119 

14 
49 
192 
37 
15 
35 
59 

429 

230 
443 

161 
56 
115 

111 

46 
141 

14 

799 
61 


S32 

303 
140 

4 
30 

19 
13 
48 

341 

137 
229 
82 
25 
70 
52 
62 
23 
K 
5 

748 

-- 


a 
m 

S3 
- 
14 
76 
7 
21 
14 
23 

114 
72 

111 
43 
13 
30 
25 
19 
.- 
32 
2 

750 

17 


141 
47 

35 

23" 

23 
2 

4 

" 

29 
10 

15 
1 
14 

6 
3 
9 

■ 
45 


. • 

175 

; 
- 

i 

-. 

22 1 
47 S 

n 

- 
■ 

i 

- 

19 5 

237 16 

87 16 

i 

1.077 


290 
344 
123 
24 
29 
16S 
15 
245 
17 
33 

217 
99 

240 
83 
. 

69 
60 
10 

104 
43 

5.765 

■ 


639 
94 

12S 
44 

7 
25 
52 

4 
360 
19 
34 

151 
45 

167 
59 
13 
45 
50 
3 
93 
22 
3 

7,922 

109 


227 
16 
20 
6 
1 
2 
11 
2 
166 
8 
15 

29 
7 

25 
3 
2 
8 

12 
1 

24 
6 

7,432 
165 




New York point 

Braille... 


83 
73 
42 


! b or European 






26 


Line type or lett er 


20 




4 




20 


More than one kind 

New York point 

Braille '. 

American 


31 
16 
35 

11 

4 




10 




10 




6 




9 


Kind not definitely reported 


9 
4 




772 


Nottepi-- rto read raised tvpe 


99 



i Include? those whose age was not reported. 

» Included under the appropriate age group? are t hose whose schedulesindicaled the period of life, but not the exact age, at which i 
blind ininfancv (under 5k 75in earlier adult life (25-44); 10>in middle life (45-64); and 156 in old age (65 or over). 



ECONOMIC STATUS. 



67 



Table 33.— MALE AND FEMALE BLIND POPULATION 10 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES 
WERE RETURNED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO RACE, NATIVITY. AND OCCUPATION, FOR THE UNITED 
STATES: 1920. 



OCCUPATION. 



Total 

Not gainfully employed 

Gainfully employed 

Agriculture, forestry, and animal husbandry 

Farmers, stock raisers, gardeners, florists, fruit 
growers, etc . 



I others. 



Extraction of minerals. 



Manufacturing and mechanical industries 

Manufacturers, officials, managers, and contractors. 
Seamstresses and fancy workers (not in factory). . . 

Laborers — Building, general, and not specified 

Semiskilled operatives: 

Broom makers 

Piano tuners 

Chair caners 

Basket workers 

Carpet and rug makers 

Weavers 

Tobacco workers 

Hammock and net makers 

Printing and publishing 

All others 



Transportation 

Telephone operatives . . 
Drivers and teamsters. 
All others 



Trade 

Hucksters and peddlers 

Clerks in stores, salesmen and saleswomen . 

Real estate and insurance agents, etc 

Bankers, etc 

Commercial travelers 

Retail dealers: 

Groceries 

Cigars and tobacco 

Music and musical instruments 

General stores 

All others 

Newspaper carriers and news dealers 

All others 



Public service. 



Professional service 

Musicians and teachers of music 

Clergymen 

School-teachers, college presidents, and professors. 

Lawyers, judges, and justicos 

Authors, editors, reporters, and librarians 

Dentists, osteopaths, physicians, and surgeons, 

trained nurses and vetermary surgeons 

Public entertainers 

Other professional occupations 

Semiprofessional occupations 



Domestic and personal service 

Wood sawyers and woodchoppers 

Waiters and servants 

Laundry operatives a i id laundresses (not in laundry) 

Boarding and lodging housekeepers 

Janitors and sextons 

All others 



Clerical occupations 

Agents and canvassers 

Clerks (except clerks in stores). 

Stenographers and typists 

All others 



Unclassifiable as to occupatii 



BLIND POPULATION 10 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER FOR WHOM SPECIAL SI HEDULES WERE RETURNED: 



Negro. 



15,115 
1,270 



13,631 
1,167 



11,310 
1,045 



1 Includes those whose age was not reported. 

1 Includes 27 other colored, chiefly Chinese and Japanese, as well as Negroes and Indians. Of those, 21 were males and 6 were females. 



f;» 



. r_ z i„ _ B TEE . ; . . i_'._ b" 



. : _ : -■ .- _- y _ 



~ 7 _ "". " 7f.il 






- 



■ 






■ s 




■ 




















a 


• 




14 


- " 




— 


(jj 


D 


• 


E 




a 




- 


- 


. to 


so 




- r 






40 


i 


















































- 





































::: ~v,.i' - — -" 
At <aae£. 







■ 

i 
; S3 



ECONOMIC STATUS. 



69 



Table 35.— FEMALE BLIND POPULATION 10 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE 
RETURNED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO AGE WHEN VISION WAS LOST AND OCCUPATION, FOR THE UNITED 
STATES: 1920. 



OCCUPATION. 



Total 

Not gainfully employed 

Gainfully employed 

Agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry 



;gro 

Agricultural laborers . 
Ul others 



Manufacturing and mechanical industries. . 

Seamstresses and fancy workers (not in 

factory) 

Semiskilled operatives: 

Broom makers 

Chair caners 

Basket workers 

Carpet and rug makers 

Weavers 

Printing and publishing 

All others 



Transportation. 
Trade 



Hucksters and peddlers 

Real estate and insurance agents, etc. 

Retail dealers 

Clerks and others 



Public service. 



Professional service.. 



Musicians and teachers of music 

School-teachers, college presidents, and 
professors 

Authors, editors, reporters, and libra- 
rians 

Public entertainers 

All others 



Domestic and personal service- 



Waiters and servants 

Laundry operativesandlaundresses(not 

in laundry ) 

Boarding and lodging house keepers 

Practical nurses and midwives 

AU others 



Clerical occupations. 

Agents and canvassers. 

Sten 

Allc 



Unclassiflable as to occupations 



FE1IALE BLIND POPULATION 10 YEARS OF AGE OB OVER FOR -WHOM SrECLU. SCIiEDVLES v.TP.E F.ETrP^TED: 



15, 115 
1,270 



Less than 20 years of age. 



) years of age or over. 



3,071 
489 



Age 



ported 



65 years 

or 
over. 2 



Age 
not 

re- 
ported. 



1 Includes those whose age was not reported. 

a Included under the appropriate age group are those whose schedules indicated the period of life, but not the exact age at which vision was lost. Of these, 111 became 
blind in infancy (under 5); 27 in early adult life (25 to 44); 53 in middle life (45 to 64); and 78 in old age (65 or over). 



70 



THE BLIND IN THE UNITED STATES. 



Table 36.— BLIND POPULATION 10 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER GAINFULLY EMPLOYED FOR WHOM SPECIAL 
SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO SEX, OCCUPATION, ABILITY FOR SELF-SUPPORT. 
DEPENDENCE ON OCCUPATION, AND ANNUAL EARNINGS, FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920. 



".Nil OCCUPATION. 



Total 

Male 

Agriculture, forestry, and animal husbandry 

Farmers, st ock raisers, gardeners, florists, fruit growers, 



etc. 



I other.-. 



Extraction of i 



Manufacturing and mechanical industries 2,470 

Manufacturers, officials, managers, and contractors ... 40 

Laborers— Building, general, and not specified IDS 

Semiskilled operatives: 

Broom makers 825 

Piano tuners 117 

Chair caners 881 

Basket workers 103 

Carpet and rug makers 00 

Weavers 51 

Tobacco workers 21 

Hammock and net makers 20 

Printing and publishing 

All others 

Transport at ion ^_ 

Telephone operai Ives 

Drivers and teamsters 

AU others 



Trade 

Hucksters and peddlers 

Clerks in stores and salesmen 

Real estate and insurance agents, etc. 

Bankers, etc 

Commercial travelers 

Retail dealers: 

Groceries 

Cigars and t obaeco 

Music and musical instruments.. . 

General stores 

All others 

Newspaper carriers and news dealers. 
All others 



Professional service 

Musicians and teachers of music 

Clergymen 

School-teachers, college presidents, and professors.... 

Lawyers, judges, and jusl ices 

Authors, editors, reporters, and librarians 

Dentists, osteopaths, physicians, and surgeons, trained 

nurses, and veterinary surgeons 

Public entertainers 

Other professional occupations 

Semiprofessional occupations 



Domestic and personal service 

Wood sawyers and woodehoppers 

Waiters and servants 

Laundry operatives and laundresses I 
Boardiiig and lodging house keepers. 

Janitors and sextons 

All others 



Clerical occupations 



Agent s and canvassers 

Clerks (except clerks in stores). 

Stenographers and typists 

All others 



Unclassifiable as to occupations 



I 45 



Reportingannualeamingsfrom occupation of- 



I' I 



4 



4 



284 21 

:.;■". 



Not reporting 
mnual earnings 
from occupa- 
tion. 



153 35l| 750 



Includes those whose age was not reported. 



ECONOMIC STATUS. 



71 



Table 36.— BLIND POPULATION 10 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER GAINFULLY EMPLOYED FOR WHOM SPECIAL 
SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO SEX, OCCUPATION. ABILITY FOR SELF-SUPPORT, 
DEPENDENCE ON OCCUPATION, AND ANNUAL EARNINGS, FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920— Continued. 



SEX AND OCCUPATION. 



BLEND POPULATION 



Female 

Agriculture, forestry, and animal husbandry. 



Agricultural laborers. 



Manufacturing and mechanical industries. 



Seamstresses and fancy workers (not in factory). 
Semiskilled operatives: 

Broom makers 

Chair caners 

Basket workers 

Carpet and rug makers 



Transportation 

Telephone operatives. 



Hucksters and peddlers 

Real estate and insurance agents, etc. 

Retail dealers 

All others 



Public service. 
Professional sei 



'ice. 



Musicians and teachers of music 

School-teachers, college presidents, and professors. 

Authors, editors, reporters, and librarians 

Public entertainers 

All others 



Domestic and personal service. 



Waiters and servants 

Laundry operatives and laundresses (not in laundry). 

Boarding and lodging house keepers 

Practical nurses and mid wives 

Other occupations 



Agents and canvassers 

Stenographers and typists. 
All others 



Unelassifiable as to occupations. 



! Not reporting 
Reportingaimuale a nungsfr< m <x^pationof-i a ^ al e c ^g s 



S' " 



5 •» 






B I 



9, 106 
~1~27 



1 Includes those whose age was not reported. 



72 



THE BLIND IN THE UNITED STATES. 



Table 37.— BLIND POPULATION 10 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED. 
CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO SEX. EDUCATION. ABILITY FOR SELF-SUPPORT. DEPENDENCE ON OCCUPATION, 
AND ANNUAL EARNINGS. FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920. 



BLIND POPULATION 10 TEARS OF AGE 0>B OVEB FOE WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WEEE BETtJEKED: 1920. > 



Gainfully employed. 






I i 



Reporting annual earnings f 



. 1 1 i . 



- . -£- = 



s -a .a i a % I js s, s 



Not reporting 
annual earn- 
ings from 
occupation. 



i£ ^ = •= 



Having attended school 

Having attended special scho ■ 
shop for the blind.. 



Having attended other schools also. 

Common schools only 

High school or academy 

Schools of miscellaneous character. 
Schools of character not reported . . 

Having attended no other school 

Reporting no ol ■ 

Reporting instruction at home 



workshop for the 
Having attended- 
Common school only 

High school or academy 

University or college. 

Schools of miscellaneous character 

Schools of character not reported. 



Not having attende 1 Bch i • 

Rept>r t home. 
Reporting no instruction 



Not reporting as to education. 



All olftBses. 



work- 



Having attended school. . 

Having attended special school 

shop for the blind 

Having attended other schools also 

Common schools only 

High school or academy 



Schools of miscellaneous character.. 
Schools of character not reported. . 

Having attended no other school 

■ lug no other tnstr 
Reporting instruction at home — 

Not having attended special school or 

workshop for the blind 

Having attended- 
Common school only. 





3.019 














4.000 






1,8(1 




128 


3,114 


■ 








4U 


























141 








49 


1 








53 


80 


1 




















i, 392 a 








- 








.J • 




m\ 










1 




541 




946 


M 


41 | 


J 








at 


17 


M 


40 






14 


8 


srl 


36 


19 2 


■ 


13 


1' 




31 


5C 




I 


374 




171 1G 




■ 






631 




1.320 


399 


" 




53 






•i 










1,173 






j 


C 






7 








165 141 32,458 



266 201 139. 



17 16 19 
17 23 17 






46 53 
30 29 






- 
7i 3 I 

a 17 



63 52 38 
3 4 5 



08 


W 


tss 










■■■ 






v 


114 


■ 




M 


■: 


41 


3 


12 


9 


" 


r . 


.'.' 




11 




RHl 


u.' 




-■•-■ 


1 




." 


r 


UK 




17 




d 


1 


14 IS 


11 


12 7 


4 


9 16 


a 




51 






] 


1 


1 









Not having attended school 

Reporting instruction at home. 
Reporting no instruction 



reporting as to education. 




Includes those whose age was not reported 



ECONOMIC STATUS. 



73 



Table 37.— BLIND POPULATION 10 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, 
CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO SEX, EDUCATION, ABILITY FOR SELF-SUPPORT, DEPENDENCE ON OCCUPATION, 
AND ANNUAL EARNINGS, FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920— Continued. 



EDUCATION. 



BLIND POPULATION 10 TEARS OF AGE OE OVER FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED: 



Gainfully employed. 



Reporting annual earnings from- 



= - 



Not reporting 
annual earn- 
ings from 
occupation. 



.:=_. 



All classes. 



Having attended school 

Having attended special school or work- 
shop for the blind 

Having attended other schools also 

Commons school only 

High school or academy 

University or college 

Schools of miscellaneous character 
Schools of character not reported. 

Having attended no other school 

Reporting no other instruction 

Reporting instruction at home — 



Not having attended special school or 

workshop for the blind 

Having attended- 
Common school only 

High school or academy 



Schools of miscellaneous character. 
Schools of character not reported. . 



Not ha vine attended . '-hool 

Reporting instruct ion at home. 
Reporting no instruction 



Not roporting as to education. 



:;, 1-32 
3,206 

256 



27 
24 4 
372 27 



n 23S 102 62 96 



198 89 58 



6,684 

3,979 

1,080 

712 

119 

61 



2.705 

1,805 
230 
46 
209 
415 



S 292 

569 

7,723 



i Includes those whose age was not reported. 



"4 



THE BLIND IN THE UNITED STATES. 



Table 38 —MALE BLIND POPULATION 20 YEARS OF AGE OR OYER AND GAINFULLY EMPLOYED BEFORE VISION 
"WAS LOST FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED. CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO OCCUPATION 
BEFORE BLINDNESS, AND REPORTED CAUSE OF BLINDNESS. FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920. 



B.eporting blindness as due 1 



DTDrsrrT iN"i> • 



Total . - 

Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry , and fisheries-. 

Fanners, strict raisers, gardeners, florists, fruit 

i rural laborers 



-aftsmcn and woodchorrpers. 

Fishermen and oystermen 





Extraction of minerals 



Coal mine c 

Operatives in other and nut specified mines. 

Quarry operatives. 

AH others 



Manufacturing and mechanical industries . 



Bakers 

Blacksmiths, forgenien, and hammerru 

Brick and stonemasons 

md cabinetmakers- 

graphers . pressmen, etc 



ElectnciaiLs 

ationary ) and cranemen 

Filers, grinders, buffers , and jiolishers (metai 

Firemen (Stationary i, iurnacemen, Km" 1 ' 

henters.Ti >:.' 
Jeweler:, . watchmakers, goldsmiths and sil 
Laborers: 

Building, general, and noi specified 

Out j i lustns 

Ltrinlier and furniture industries 

Metal industri' 

Other manufacturing iu .: i til 
Machinists, mil) wrurhts and loolmakers 
Manufacturers, officials, managers and contractors.. . 

liechaiu 

Fanners, glaziers, varnishers. enamelers. etc 

Plasterers* and cement finishers 

Plumbers and gas and steam fitters 
Semiskilled o]ieratives: 

Cigar and tobacco factories 

Clnv. glass, and stone industries 

Clothingindustries 

Food industries 

Iron and steel industries: 

Blast furnaces and steel rolling mills . . 
Aut omobile . implement and 

car shons. shrpvards. etc — 
Other iron and steel factories. 
Other metal in c 
Lumber and iurniture 

Shoe factories 

Textile industries . . . 
Other industries 
Shoemakers and cob 
Skilled occupations (not o 

Stone cutters 

Tailors 



Specific afiectioi; 






Disease other than specific affection of the eye. 



3 






t:::: 






6 

f 
: 
% 

12 

i 



i includes dyers, glass blowers, millers, upholsterers, annealers, piano tuners, wood carvers, and other skilled occupations. 



OCCUPATION BEFORE BLINDNESS. 



75 



Table 38.— MALE BLIND POPULATION 20 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER AND GAINFULLY EMPLOYED BEFORE VISION 
WAS LOST FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO OCCUPATION 
BEFORE BLINDNESS, AND REPORTED CAUSE OF BLINDNESS, FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920— Continued. 



INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION BEFORE BLINDNESS. 



Reporting blindness as due to— 



Accident or other injury (including sympathetic ophthalmia). 



From explosions— 



Of 

dyna- 
mite, 
gun- 
pow- 
der, 
etc. 



Of 
other 
kinds. 



Of na- 
ture 
not 

stated 



I'b 



Total 

Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fisheries.. 

Farmers, stock raisers, gardeners, florists, fruit 

growers, etc 

Agricultural laborers 

Foresters, lumbermen, raftsmen, and woodchoppers. 

Fishermen and oystermen 

All others 



Extraction of minerals. 



Coal mine operatives 

Operatives in other and not specified mines. 



Manufacturing and mechanical industrie 



Bakers 

Blacksmiths, forgemen, and hammermen 

Brick and stone masons 

Carpenters and cabinetmakers 

Compositors, engravers, lithographers, pressmen, 



etc. 



Coopers 

Electricians 

Engineers (stationary) and crancmen 

Filers, grinders, buffers, and polishers (metal) 

Firemen (stationary), furnacemen, smeltermen, 

heaters, pourers, etc 

Jewelers, watchmakers, goldsmiths, and silver- 
smiths 

Laborers: 

Building, general, and not specified 

Clay, glass, and stone industries 

Lumber and furniture industries 

Metal industries 

Other manufacturing industries 

Machinists, millwrights, and toolmakers 

Manufacturers, officials, managers, and contractors. 

Mechanics (not otherwise specified) 

Painters, glaziers, varnishers, enamelers, etc , 

Plasterers and cement finishers 

Plumbers and gas and steam fitters 

Semiskilled operatives: 

Cigar and tobacco factories 

Clay, glass, and stone industries 

Clothing industries 

Food industries 

Iron and steel industries: 

Blast furnaces and steel rolling mills 

Automobile, implement and wagon fac- 
tories, car shops, shipyards, etc 

Other iron and steel factories 

Other metal industries 

Lumber and furniture industries 

Shoe factories 

Textile industries 

Other industries 

Shoemakers and cobblers 

Skilled occupations (not otherwise specified) > 

Stonecutters 

Tailors 

All others 



2 455 



Includes dyers, glass bio 



, upholsterers, 



i tuners, wood carvers, and other skilled occupations. 



76 



THE BLIND IN THE UNITED STATES. 



Table 38.— MALE BLIND POPULATION 20 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER AND GAINFULLY EMPLOYED BEFORE VISION 
WAS LOST FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO OCCUPATION 
BEFORE BLINDNESS, AND REPORTED CAUSE OF BLINDNESS. FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920— Continued. 



INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION BEFORE BLINDNESS. 



Reporting blindness as due l 



Total 301 

Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fisheries — 



Farmers, stock raisers, gardeners, florists, fruit 

growers, etc 

Agricultural laborers 

Foresters, lum bermeu , raftsmen, and woodchoppers . , 

Fishermen and oystcrmen 

All others 



Extraction of minerals . 



Coal mine operatives 

Operatives in other and not specified mines. . 



Manufacturing and mechanical industries. 



etc. 



Bakers 

Blacksmiths, forgemen, and hammermen 

Brick and stone masons 

Carpenters and cabinetmakers 

Compositors, engravers, lithographers, 

Coopers 

Electricians 

Engineers (stationary) and cranemen 

Filers, grinders, butlers, and polishers (metal) 

Firemen (stationary), furnacemen, smeltermen, 

heaters, pourers, etc 

Jewelers, watchmakers, goldsmiths, and silversmiths . 
Laborers: 

Building, general, and not specified. 

Clay, glass, and stone industries 

Lumber and furniture industries 

Metal industries 

Other manufacturing industries 

Machinists, millwrights, and toolmakcrs 

Manufacturers, officials, managers, and contractors. 

Mechanics (not otherwise specified) 

Painters, glaziers, varnishcrs, enamelers, etc 

Plasterers and cemen t finishers 

Plumbers and gas and steam fitters 

Semiskilled operatives: 

Cigar and tobacco factories 

Clay, glass, and stone industries 

Clothing industries 

Food industries 

Iron and steel industries — 

Blast furnaces and steel rolling mills 

Automobile, implement, and wagon factories , 

car shops, shipyards, etc 

Other iron and steel factories 

Other metal industries 

Lumber and furniture industries 

Shoe factories 

Textile Industries 

Other industries 

Shoemakers and cobblers 

Skilled occupations (not otherwise specified) ' 

Stonecutters 

Tailors 

All others 



Acids 
and 
other 
sub- 
stances 

of a 
chemi- 
cally 
destruc- 
tive 
nature 



Foreign 

substances i 

the eye. 



Dust 
and 
other 
foreign 
parti- 
cles. 



Causes indefinitely or inaccurately reported- 



22 

6 I 



? 



Includes dyers, glass blowers, millers, upholsterers, annealers, piano tuners, wood carvers, and other skilled occupations. 



OCCUPATION BEFORE BLINDNESS. 



77 



Table 38.— MALE BLIND POPULATION 20 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER AND GAINFULLY EMPLOYED BEFORE VISION 
WAS LOST FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO OCCUPATION 
BEFORE BLINDNESS, AND REPORTED CAUSE OF BLINDNESS, FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920— Continued. 



INDUSTBY AND OCCUPATION BEFORE BLINDNESS. 



Specific affection of the eye. 



Disease other than specific affection of the eye. 



I 

a 
I i 1 



Transportation. 



Water transportation: 

Boatmen, canal men, sailors, and deck hands.. . . 

Other occupations 

Road and street transportation: 

Carriage drivers, chauffeurs, draymen, and team- 
sters 

Hostlers and 1 aborers, garage, road, and street. . . 

Other occupations 

Railroad transportation: 

Conductors and motormen , street railway 

Laborers, steam and street railroad 

Locomotiveengineers and firemen 

Switchmen , flagmen, and yardmen 

Other occupations 

Express, post, telegraph, and telephone and other 
transportation: 

Clerks and kindred workers 

Other occupations 

Proprietors, officials, and managers 



Bankers, brokers, and money lenders 

Clerks in stores and salesmen 

Commercial travelers 

Hucksters and peddlers 

Laborers in coal and lumber yards, warehouses, 

stores, etc 

Real estato and insurance agen ts and officials 

Wholesale and retail dealers (except hucksters and 

peddlers) 

All others 



Policemen, marshals, sheriffs, detectives, etc 

Officials and inspectors, city, county, state, and 

United States 

Soldiers, sailors, and marines 

Laborers 

All other 



Professional service . 



Actors and showmen 

Engineering professions > 

Authors, editors, reporters, and librarians 

Clergymen 

Medica 1 professions » 

Lawyers, judges, and justices 

Musicians and teachers of music 

Teaching professions 3 

Other professional and semiprofessional occupations. 



Domestic and personal service. . 



Barbers and hairdressers 

Cooks 

Elevator operators and porters 

Janitors and sextons 

Proprietors and managers 4 

Waiters and servants (other than cooks) . 
All others 



Clerical occupations . 



Bookkeepers, cashiers, and accountants 

Clerks (except clerks in stores) and stenographers. . . 
All others 



- Dentists, osteopaths, physicians, and surgeons, trained nurses, and veterinary surgeons, 
s School-teachers, college presidents, and professors. 
* Boarding houses, hotels, laundries, restaurants, etc. 



' 



THE BLIND IN THE OTTKD STATES 



T . AKD GAINTTI LT 

: 






Acciaen ::-:iic onlnnamii&. 



" 



: 



- Z " 






: r 



■ _ : 



£ 



I 













I.CUC- .. 

ss caaulieur. -*\ yon . 




.. iireis 


garage r . 




. 














■' 











jgrupk. one teienhouc and othar 



. brokers . and monny 

Commerc;.! 

a cou. and 
nam r ru... 



.. eui^and i 



readier?; . 



Tnii«c 
~ Bam. 



and 

Coote 

- and iianeis 

PnroneTors and H-.::. ._*■: " 









- 















' 













i 






'. ..-._.. . . 



OCCUPATION BEFORE BLINDNESS. 



79 



TABtE 38.— MALE BLIND POPULATION 20 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER AND GAINFULLY EMPLOYED BEFORE VISION 
WAS LOST FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO OCCUPATION 
BEFORE BLINDNESS, AND REPORTED CAUSE OF BLINDNESS. FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920— Continued. 





MALE BLIND POPULATION 20 YEARS OF AGE OB OVER AND GATNFTJLLY EMPLOYED BEFORE VISION TVAS LOST FOE 
■WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES "WERE RETURNED: 1920. 




Reporting blindness as due to — 






Other definitely reported 
causes. 


Causes indefinitely or inaccurately reported. 


i 

I 

"3 

1 
a 

I 
| 




INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION BEFORE BLINDNESS. 


Total. 


Foreign 

substances in 

the eye. 


All 
other. 


Total. 


2 
a 

03 


2 


1 




§ 

■a 
5 


| 




=5 

Si 

"8 

< 


Cause 

un- 
known 
or 
not 
re- 
port- 
ed. 




Acids 
and 
other 
sub- 
stances 

of a 
chemi- 
cally 

'>.-TLK' 

tive 
nature. 


Dust 
and 
other 
foreign 
parti- 
cles. 


>> 


a 

3 


3 

o 

GO 


1 
1 

a 
| 
m 




19 


11 


6 


2 


133 


3 


2 


25 


3 


3 


n 


6 


l| » 


67 


10 








Water transportation : 

Boatmen, canal men, sailors, and deck hands... 


2 


1 


1 * 


9 
6 

38 
10 

1 

4 

12 
13 

21 

11 
2 

5 

122 






2 

3 
2 




1 


3 






3 

20 
4 

1 

3 
6 
5 

13 

1 

2 

5S 


l 
3 




2 


1 




:::::::::: 




Road and street transportation : 

Carriage drivers, chauffeurs, draymen, and 


5 


4 


1 




..... 


2 


6 
1 


2 
1 


3 










1 

1 
3 
1 


1 












Railroad transportation : 

Conductors and motormen, street railway 










5 

4 






















1 










""2" 
...... 

1 
2 

13 
















2 


2 






















2 


iT" " 






7 








1 






Express, post telegraph, and telephone, and other 
transportation: 






1 


1 






1 




4 

1 
2 

11 












..... 










3 
11 


i i 1 i 

3 








1 
8 












4 


2 


9 


6 


12 


9 


3 
















2 
16 
9 

10 

9 
5 

61 
10 

70 








1 
1 










S ~T 






3 


3 








1 
1 




2 


3 
2 
1 


..... 


1 
1 












5 
6 

5 

3 

24 
6 


1 

3 
1 

3 


















1 




Laborersincoaland lumber yards, warehouse, stores, 








1 


2 


1 






















2 

7 




Wholesale and retail dealers (except hucksters and 


7 
1 

18 




4 3 




3 




5 
1 

7 


4 

1 

25 


5 
1 

2 


8 
1 

2 


3 


2 


















2 


1 




2 


2 ' 4 


















4 

5 
40 
10 
11 

77 






1 




2 ... 


1 
...„. 

6 




Officials and inspectors, city, county, state, and 


16 
























2 3 








2 






2 
2 

3 


24 
















1 




1 
2 


1 
1 

5 






li 






1 
8 


| 1 

6 


3 






6 








3 


4 


2 IS 










1 
3 


1 
3 






4 
8 
4 
16 
12 

6 
13 

10 

78 




2 












1 1 


1 
1 
2 

7 

3 
6 
3 

32 


2 
...... 

...... 

...... 

4 


3 








1 


1 




I 


1 
















1 






1 






1 






2 


..... 

1 


...!. 


I 


1 
1 






















1 


1 














2 
3 
2 
6 










































2 


1 


1 


1 






Otherprofessional and semiprofessional occupations. . 


2 
8 






2 










6 


2 


3 


4 


19 


5 


2 


5 


5 


, 












1 


3 






8 
25 
7 
9 
6 
13 
10 

28 




2 


1 
15 


1 




1 
1 


1 


1 




1 
7 
5 
2 
3 
6 

14 


...... 

1 

1 
2 






1 








1 




1 

2 








1 


1 








1 


1 


3 
















1 

1 




1 
2 










1 

2 

2 


1 

2 






2 


1 


1 












1 




1 








1 


1 


2 




2 


1 






















9 
14 
5 


1 


1 










1 




2 

8 


...... 




Clerks (except clerks in stores) and stenographers- . . 


1 


i 








2 




1 




3 
















:... 





























1 Aeronauts, architects, chemists, designers, draftsmen, inventors, and technical engineers. 
» Dentists, osteopaths, physicians, and surgeons, trained nurses, and veterinary surgeons. 
8 School-teachers, college presidents, and professors. 
' Boarding houses, hotels, laundries, restaurants, etc. 



80 



THE BLIND IX THE EXITED STATES. 



Table 39.— FEMALE BLIXD POPULATION 20 YEARS OF AGE OR OYER AND GAINFULLY EMPLOYED BEFORE YISION 
WAS LOST FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED. CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO OCCUPATION 
BEFORE BLINDNESS. AND REPORTED CAUSE OF BLINDNESS. FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920. 





VKMAIM BLIND TOTV1ATIOS 30 YEARS OF AGE OB OYER ABB GAINTTLXY EMPLOYED 
" ] ■ TTHOM SPECIAL SCHEI 


mm Tfi- 




o 




Reporting blindness as due 1 — 




INDUSTRY AXD OCCUPATION BEFORE BUXDKXSS. 


Specific aflection of the eve. 


Accident or other 

i Disease other than specific affection injurs- (including 

of the eye. >vrap'athetic opb- 






- 
- 


- ~ 

- - 

: — 

< 


i 
§ 
1 


| - 

i 


; . 

c 

3 

- 


: 
a 

1 

c 
1= 

□ 


{ 

n 


- 


: 


i 

c 
- 


- 

: 

2 


L 


- - 


1 


I 
-- 


- 


r 


1 

I 

1 


h 

'= si 

6 3C 




" 




- 


- 


26 15 


- 




40! 




. B 




;- 




m 




4 










Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fisheries 




: I 


U 


E 


: 


1 3 


i 




■• 


- 


5 


4 


3 


4 


. 


n 




I 


« 1 


Farmers, stock raisers, gardeners, florists, fruit growers. 


1 


-• 


- 


• 


1 


4 


: 
l 


i 


1 


M 
H 


- 


3 

1 


4 


: 
l 


4 


. 


a 

- 


-• 
4 

1 


1 


3 

1 






23 


- 












Manufacturing and mechanical pursuits and building and 


i a 




>v 


- 


■ 


5 


. 






1 


■ 


i 




■ 


v. 




, 










- 

19 

11 

13 
13 

71 
76 

46 

-•■ 

12 


:- 

7 
19 

7 
2 
5 

3 

24 
34 

10 

• 
22 


• 
i 

i 

3 
1 


-.:■ 


:" 

3 

4 

4 
1 


l 




■ 


: 


B 

4 

- 
■ 


1 

1 
: 

: 

l 
I 
1 

2 
- 








1 




. 


- 
1 


-' 

6 

..... 






Laborers: 








































- 


















Semiskilled operatives: 




























. 














' 


























i 
i 


.... 








l 


1 






1 

l 

l 

4 
9 
1 

- 

: 

4 
















1 

4 
9 
- 
1 

■ 

1 


l 


1 

1 
6 
P 

- 
- 
4 














1 








Textile i ndustries— 














1 
- 
















1 




: 
l 




- 


.... 

i 


; 












l 












1 


























l 




1 












3 








i 












• 




, 




















- 

15 
13 

8 

318 


1 

4 

- 
1SB 


3 


- 


1 

: 








1 


1 


1 














. 


■ 








Wholesale and retail dealers (except hucksters and 












l 
































- 
-- 


- 
- 










i 
: 


l 




... 








3? 


- 






- 


" 




. 


















£ 


6 

2- 








3 
4 
1 

•:■■ 


■ 












! -t 




.. 




7 1 




l 


" 
















i 


. . . 




a 


. 


KM 


- 
- 

n 








v 


14 










" 




16 


- 


6 


• 


■ 




1 










. 1 

a 


s : 

- 










-- 
B 

U 






















■ 
• 








4 
- 

11 






1 




U 

: 

.:. 

- 

6 


ii 

- 


. 


.... ... 


■ ;• operatives and laundresses (not in laundry u - 


U 






■ 


. 














- 




















i 


i 
i 








- 


i 
I 


. 








- 






46 

■ 


- 




. 








. 


3 




1 














- 

6 

8 


! 
1 


_ 

■ 



.... 
l 


4 
I 

I 


1 

1 






. 


E 


















4 










i 














I 


i 


. 


1 


































: 























::ans. surgeons, and trained nnrses. 
! School-teachers, college presicems. and professors. 



OCCUPATION BEFORE BLINDNESS. 



81 



Table 39.— FEMALE BLIND POPULATION 20 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER AND GAINFULLY EMPLOYED BEFORE VISION 
WAS LOST FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO OCCUPATION 
BEFORE BLINDNESS AND REPORTED CAUSE OF BLINDNESS, FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920— Continued. 





FEMALE BLIND POPULATION 20 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER AND GAINFULLY EMPLOYED BEFORE V-SION WAS 
LOST FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED: 1920. 




Reportin g blindnes s a s due to — 




Accident or otherin- 
jury (including 
sympathetic 
ophthalmia— Con. 


Poi- 
son- 
ing. 


Other definitely 
reported causes. 


Causes indefinitely or inaccurately 
reported. 


i 
i 

1 

c 

S 
•3 
"5 
c 
_o 

1 
g 




INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION BEFORE BLINDNESS. 


d 

I 

- 

§1 

i 


a 

i 

O m 

-a 

v. o 

t'l 

V, 
a 
g 


1 
1 


| 

1 
IS 

a 
1 


< 


3 

o 


Foreign 

substances in 

the eye 


| 

i 


"3 


1 

3 


o 
p 

- 


■§ 

~c 
3 

z 


1 
O 


I 

Oh 


m 


1 


o 

< 


Cause 
un- 




Acids 
and 
other 

sub- 
stances 

of a 
chemi- 
cally 
destruc- 
tive na- 
ture. 


Dust 
and 
other 
foreign 
parti- 
cles. 


known 
or not 
report- 
ed. 




5 


10 


41 


10 


105 


12 j 28 


16 


9 


3 




21 


07 


97 


106 


16 


37 j 53 


355 
















2 ; 2 


2 


13 


3 j 8 


4 


3 


1 I 234 




46 


44 


3 


16 | 4 


103 














Farmers, stock raisers, gardeners, florists, fruit grow- 






2 


10 


2 


4 
4 


2 
2 


1 

2 


..!. 


174 
60 


4 
3 


4 

7 


36 
10 


32 
12 


2 
1 


13 
3 


4 


79 
24 


i 

i 












22 








1 

17 






Manufacturing and mechanical pursuits and building 


2 


3 


2 

1 


34 
18 

2 


3 


7 


4 


2 


1 


160 
72 

18 
4 
5 

4 
4 
1 

3 

2 
22 
13 
7 
2 

1 

10 


2 
1 

1 


7 

2 
1 


10 

5 

1 
1 
1 

1 


18 
7 


| 


7 

1 

2 


35 
29 

1 


77 

26 

8 

2 
3 

2 
2 
1 
2 
1 


5 
...... 








Laborers: 


1 








1 




1 












5 








2 






1 


1 


1 












1 

1 
1 




Semiskilled operatives: 










1 






















2 






1 






1 












1 




1 
1 










































1 






































1 


1 
2 
1 


1 




Textile industries- 


























1 












1 


1 


3 
4 

4 


...!. 


1 
2 


1 








1 
2 


4 

i 
2 




1 


1! 
9 

5 
2 

6 


...... 


7 




1 






1 






1 " 










1 






1 


1 


















































1 


1 




5 


, 














1 


1 






2 


1 9 






























1 




3 












2 
4 
2 

34 














1 


1 

3 
2 


1 1 7 


Wholesale and retail dealers (except hucksters and 






i 














1 














1 






2 
1 
10 














1 

4 






1 


























5 








1 
27 






! 


3 






2 








! 






j 


4 


19 
































3 
2 














1 


2 

2 
15 














6 
1 

36 




1 






1 














3 






1 


2 
1 

17 


6 




1 


1 




5 


4 




1 


3 














1 


3 


5 


11 


8 


3 


.... 302 


11 


48 


33 


38 


9 


13 


7 


143 





























1 

78 
82 
15 
6 

94 

20 

9 
















25 
44 
8 
3 
44 
18 

6 


1 






2 


2 

4 
3 


2 


4 

7 

1 

22 
1 

5 


2 
1 


3 

s 


2 
3 


1 
2 




2 


37 
9 


S 

13 


6 
10 

1 

13 
4 


.... 
2 

"Y 
i 


2 
2 

8 


] 

3 
1 

.... 

1 
1 


38 


Laundry operatives and la undi esses (not in laundry). 


1 


1 S3 
11 


















8 














8 


2 


2 


3 


3 






2 


13 
2 

1 


7 79 












20 








1 
















! 


t . 
























1 




2 










2 
6 
1 














4 




I 




........ 














1 






1 






1 
















1 










2 
































1 








li 










! 













1 Dentists, osteopaths, physicians, and surgeons, and trained nurses. 
s School-teachers, college presidents, and professors. 
8 Boarding houses, hotels, laundries, restaurants, etc. 



82 



THE BLIND IN THE UNITED STATES. 



Table 40 —MALE AND FEMALE BLIND POPULATION 20 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER AND GAINFULLY EMPLOYED 
BEFORE VISION WAS LOST FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING 
TO OCCUPATION BEFORE BLINDNESS, AND AGE WHEN VISION WAS LOST, FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920. 



INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION BEFORE BLINDNESS. 



Number losing vision at— 



20 to 21 
years 
of age. 



■45 to 64 
years 
of age. 1 



Go years 
of age 
or over. 1 



Age 

not re- 
ported. 



20 to 24 
years 
of age. 



Age 
not re- 
ported. 



Agriculture, forestry, and animal husbandry. 



Farmers, stock raisers, gardeners, llorists, fruit growers.etc. 

Agricultural laborers 

Foresters, lumbermen, raftsmen, and woodchoppers 

Fishermen and oystermen 

All others 



Extraction of minerals . 



Coal mine operatives 

Operatives in other and not specified mines. 

Quarrv operatives 

All others 



Manufacturing i 



1 mechanical Industries . 



Bakers 

Blacksmiths, forgemen, and hammermen 

Brick and stone masons 

Carpenters and cabinetmakers 

Compositors, engravers, lithographers, pressmen, etc 

Coopers 

Electricians 

Engineers (stationary ) and cranemen 

Filers, grinders, buffers, and polishers (metal) 

Firemen (stationary), furnacemen, smeltermen, heaters, 

pourers, etc : 

Jewelers, watchmakers, goldsmiths, and silversmiths 

Laborers : - - ■ - 

Building, general, and not specified 

Chemical and allied industries 

Clay, glass, and stone industries 

Food industries 

Lumber and furniture industries 

Metal industries 

Other mam i fact uring industries 

Machinists, millwrights, and toolmakers 

Manufacturers, officials, managers, and contractors 

Mechanics (not otherwise specified) 

Painters, glaziers, vamishers, enamelers, etc 

Plasterers~and cement finishers 

Plumbers and gas and steam litters 

Semiskilled operatives ■ 

Chemical and allied industries 

Cigar and tobacco factories ■ 

Clay, glass, and stone industries 

Clothing industries 

Food industries 

Iron and steel industries 

Blast furnaces and steel rolling mills 

Automobile, implement, and wagon factories, car 

shops, shipyards, etc ; 

Other and not specified iron and steel factories 

Other metal industries 

Lumber and furniture industries 

Printing and publishing 



i factories . 

Textile industries 

Cotton mills 

Woolen mills 

Other textile mills 

Other industries 

Shoemakers and cobblers 

Skilled occupations (not otherwise specified) 5 

Stonecutters 

Tailors 

Another 



i those whose schedules indicated the period of life , but not the exact age, at which vision was lost. Of these, 39 males 
. ^ to 44); 47 males and 11 females in middle life (45 to 64); and 64 males and 19 fen—" 
'Includes dyers, glass blowers, millers, upholsterers, annealers, piano tuners, wood carvers, and other skilled occupations. 



OCCUPATION BEFORE BLINDNESS. 



83 



Table 40.— MALE AND FEMALE BLIND POPULATION 20 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER AND GAINFULLY EMPLOYED 
BEFORE VISION WAS LOST FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING 
TO OCCUPATION BEFORE BLINDNESS, AND AGE WHEN VISION WAS LOST, FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1920— Con. 



INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION BEFORE BLINDNESS. 



Number losing vision at— 



20 to 24 
years 
of age. 



25 to 44 
years 
of age. 1 



Age 

not re- 
ported. 



Number losing vision at- 



05 years 
of age 
or over. 1 



Water transportation: 

Boatmen, canal men, sailors, and deck hands 

Other occupations 

Road and street transportation: 

Carriage drivers, chauffeurs, draymen, and teamsters 

Hostlers, and laborers, garage, road, and street 

Other occupations 

Railroad transportation: 

Conductors and motormen, street railway 

Laborers, steam and street railroad 

Locomotive engineers and firemen 

Switchmen, flagmen, and yardmen 

Other occupations 

ExpresSj post, telegraph, and telephone and other trans- 
portation: 

Clerks and kindred workers 

Other occupations 

Proprietors, officials, and 



Bankers, brokers, and money lenders 

Clerks in stores, and salesmen and saleswomen 

Commercial travelers 

Delivery men 

Hucksters and peddlers 

Laborers in coal and lumber yards , warehouses, stores, etc . 

Real estate and insurance agents and officials 

Wholesale and retail dealers (except hucksters and ped- 
dlers) 

All others 



Public service. 



Firemen , city fire department 

Policemen, marshals, sheriffs, detectives, etc 

Officials and inspectors, city, county, state, and United 

States ._......... 

Soldiers, sailors, and marines 

Laborers 

All others 



Professional service., 



Actors and showmen 

Engineering professions ' 

Authors, editors, reporters, and librarians. 
Clergyme 



Lawyers, judges, and justices... 
Musicians and teachers of music. 

Teaching professions 3 

Other professional occupations. . 
Semiprofessional occupations. . . . 



Domestic and personal service., 



Barbers and hairdressers 

Cooks 

Elevator operators and porters 

Janitors and sextons 

Proprietors and managers * 

Waiters and servants (other than cooks). 
All others 



Clerical occupations. 



Bookkeepers, cashiers, and accountants 

Clerks (except clerks in stores) and stenographers. 
All others 



Unclassifiable as to occupations . 



24 


1 


14 




V, 


1 


9 


3 


4 


1 


13 




4fi 


7 


16 





1 Aeronauts, architects, chemists, designers, draftsmen, inventors, and technical engineers. 
» Dentists, osteopaths, physicians, and surgeons, trained nurses, and veterinary surgeons. 
• School-teachers, college presidents, and professors, 
« Boarding houses, hotels, laundries, restaurants, etc. 



84 



THE BLIND IN THE UNITED STATES. 



Table 41.— BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED. REPORTED AS RECEIVING 
STATE OR COUNTY AID, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO SEX. RACE, AND NATIVITY. BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1920. 







BLIND POPULATION 


FOR -WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, REPORTING STATE OR COUNTY AID: 1920. 






Both 
sexes. 


Male. 


Female. 


DIVISION AND STATE. 


Total. 


White. 


Colored. 


Total. 


White. 


Colored. 




Total. 


Native. 


For- 
eign- 
born. 


Total.' 


Negro. 


In- 
dian. 


Total. 


Native. 


For- 
eign- 
born. 


Total.' 


Negro. 


In- 
dian. 




7,741 


4,916 


4,392 


3,5S8 


804 


524 


495 


22 


2,825 


2,593 


2,210 


383 


232 


214 








Geographic divisions: 


93i 
667 
3,423 
855 
617 
385 
300 
382 
1S1 


555 

435 
2,098 
548 
440 
263 
187 
262 
128 


541 
399 
1,971 
515 
260 
200 
136 
254 
116 


398 
309 
1,604 
429 
259 
199 
128 
186 
76 


143 
90 
367 
86 
1 
1 
8 
68 
40 


14 

36 
127 

33 
180 

63 

51 
8 

12 


13 
36 
115 
32 
178 
62 
49 
5 
5 


1 

2 
1 
2 
2 
6 


376 
232 
1,325 
307 
177 
122 
113 
120 
53 


362 
215 
1,251 
295 
109 
105 

99 
110 

47 


269 
164 
1,080 
265 
108 
105 
96 
89 
34 


93 
51 
171 
30 

1 

3' 

21 
13 


14 
17 
74 
12 
68 
17 
14 
10 
6 


11 
16 
68 
12 
68 
17 
13 

2 


3 
























1 




2 


Pacific 


4 


New England: 


227 
119 

18 

502 

5 

60 

427 
38 
202 

1,587 
167 

1,060 
143 
466 

56 
395 
187 

14 
7 

54 
143 

7 

50 
7 
121 
49 
133 
39 
171 
40 

162 
101 
66 

56 

74 
39 
63 
124 

17 
13 

312 
19 
3 

15 
2 

26 
20 

135 


136 
82 
6 
290 
3 
38 

265 
26 
144 

963 
116 
642 
84 
293 

39 
243 
123 
9 
5 
34 
95 

7 
40 

3 
89 
38 
89 
27 
120 
27 

109 
71 
43 
40 

46 
26 
39 
76 

14 
7 

209 
16 
3 
11 
1 

23 
16 

89 


136 
82 
6 

277 
3 
37 

245 
19 
135 

890 
111 
604 
78 
288 

39 
236 
108 
9 
5 
33 
85 

6 
23 

2 
58 
35 
57 
18 
49 
12 

81 
57 
31 
31 

36 
12 
29 
59 

13 

7 

1 

203 

16 
2 

11 
1 

21 
16 
79 


120 
71 
■4 
172 
3 
28 

is: 

16 
106 

766 
102 
516 
50 
170 

27 
194 

98 
3 
3 

31 

73 

6 
22 

2 
58 
35 
57 
18 
49 
12 

81 
57 
31 
30 

36 
11 
27 
54 

5 


16 

11 

2 

105 








91 
37 
12 
212 
2 
22 

162 
12 
58 

624 
51 

lis 
59 

173 

17 
152 

64 
5 
2 

20 

47 


90 
37 
12 
200 
2 
21 

150 
11 
54 

572 
50 

402 
56 

171 

17 
150 

58 
5 
2 

19 

44 


28 
10 
136 
2 
15 

109 

8 
47 

509 
46 

350 
49 

126 

14 

130 

58 

3 


12 
9 
2 

64 


1 
















New Hampsm e. . 














13 


12 


1 


12 


io 


3 








9 

58 
3 
29 

124 
9 
88 
28 

118 

12 
42 
10 
6 
2 
2 
12 

i" 

i" 

i" 

2 
5 

6 
2 

1 
54 

1 

4" 


1 

20 

7 
9 

73 
5 

38 
6 


1 

20 
7 
9 

68 
5 

37 
3 
2 


3 
3 


6 

41 
3 
7 

63 
4 

52 
7 

45 

3 

20 

2' 

2 

3' 


1 

12 
1 
4 

52 
1 

16 
3 
2 


1 

12 

1 
3 

51 
1 

15 
1 




Middle Atlantic: 












East North Central: 










1 




2 




2 


West North Central: 






7 
15 


7 
15 




2 
6 


2 
6 




























1 

10 

1 

17 
1 

31 
3 

32 
9 

71 

15 

28 

14 
12 
9 

10 
14 
10 
17 


'"'io' 

17 

1 

31 

30 
9 
71 
15 

27 
14 
12 
9 

10 
14 
9 
16 


1 


19 
41 


1 


1 

3 








South Atlantic: 






2" 

1 

i" 

1 


10 
4 
32 
11 
44 
12 
51 
13 

53 
30 
23 
16 

28 
13 
24 
48 

3 
6 


16 
11 
29 

9 
26 

9. 

47 
24 

22 
12 

26 
8 
23 
42 

3 
6 


5 
3 
16 
11 
29 

26 
9 

47 
24 

22 
12 

26 
8 
23 
39 

3 
6 


1 


4 

1 
16 


4 
1 
16 


















3' 


15 
3 

25 
4 

6 
6 

1 
4 

2 
5 
1 
6 


15 
3 

25 
4 

6 
6 

1 
4 

2 
5 

6 
















East South Central: 












Mississippi 

West South Central: 










1 






Mountain: 
































149 
15 

2 
7 

12 
11 
53 


6 


5 




103 
3 


94 


76 
3 


18 


9 


7 


1 






\rizona 


1 




1 












4 
1 

3 
46 


4 


1 


3 








Nevada 








1 




1 


Pacdjic: 


9 
5 
26 


2 




2 


3 

4 
40 


2 
2 
30 


2 
10 














10 


5 


4 


6 


2 


4 







i Includes 10 other colored, chiefly Chinese and Japanese, as well as Negroes and Indians. Of these, 7 were males and 3 were females. 



STATE OR COUNTY AID. 



85 



Table 42.— BLIND POPULATION FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, REPORTED AS RECEIVING 
STATE OR COUNTY AID, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO RACE, NATIVITY, AGE, AND SEX, FOR THE UNITED 
STATES: 1920. 



AGE GKOUP. 



Total. 



Under 1 year. 

1 to 4 years 

5 to 9 years.... 
10 to 14 years.. 
15 to 19 years.. 

20 to 24 years.. 
25 to 29 years.. 
30 to 34 years.. 
35 to 39 years.. 
40 to 44 years.. 

45 to 49 years.. 
50 to 54 years.. 
55 to 59 years.. 
60 to 64 y ears. . 
65 to 69 years.. 



BLIND POPULATION FOE WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED, REPORTING STATE OR COUNTY AID: 1920. 



70 to 74 years 

75 to 79 years 

80 to 84 years 

85 years or over. . 
Age not reported. 



> Includes 10 other colored, chiefly Chinese and Japanese, as well as Negroes and Indians. Of these. 7 were males and 3 were femaks. 



86 THE BLIND IN THE UNITED STATES. 

Table 4=3.— BLIND DEAF-MUTES, FOR WHOM SPECIAL SCHEDULES WERE RETURNED: 1920. 



CLASSIFICATION". 



Total 

Male 

Female 

CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO RACE AND NATIVITY. 

White 

Male 

Female 

Native 

Male 

Female 

Foreign-born 

Male 

Female 

Colored 

Male 

Female 

Negro 

Male 

Female 

Chinese 

Male 

CLASSD7IED ACCORDING TO AGE. 

1 to 4 years 

5 to 9 years 

10 to 14 years 

15 to 19 years 

20 to 24 years 

25 to 29 years 

30 to 34 years 

35 to 39 years 

40 to 44 years 

45 to 49 years 

50 to 54 years 

55 to 59 years 

60 to 64 years 

65 t o 09 years 

70 to 74 years 

75 to 79 years 

80 t o 84 years 

85 years or over 

Age not reported 

PERSONS 15 YEARS OP AGE OR OVER, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO MARITAL 
CONDITION. 

Male ■. 

Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Marital condition not reported 

Female 

Single 

Married, 

Widowed 

Marital condition not reported 

CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO AGE WHEN DEFECT OCCURRED. 

Blindness: 

Congenital 

Not congenital l 

Age when vision was lost- 
Less than 1 year 

1 to 4 years 

5 to 9 years 

10 to 14 years 

15 to 19 years 

20 to 24 years 

25 to 34 years 

35 to 44 years 

45 to 54 years 

55 to 64 years 

65 to 74 years 

80 to 84 years 

Age not definitely reported- 
Childhood 

Prime 

Middle 

Age not reported 

Deafness: 

Congenital 

Not congenital - 

Age when hearing was lost- 
Less than 1 year 

1 year 

2 years 

3 years 

4 years 

f years 

6 years 

7 years 

8 years 

9 years 

10 years or over 

Age not dennitely reported- 
Infancy 

Childhood 

Age not reported 



D ACCORDING TO REPORTED CAUSE OF DEFECT. 



Trachoma (granulated eyelids) 

G laucoma 

Atropy of the optic nerve 

AU other diseases of the optic nerve 

Cataract 

All other diseases of the crystalline lens 

Corneal ulcer 

Combination of two or more diseases of the eye. 

Tumor on brain 

Meningitis 

Spinal trouble 

Brain fever 

Smallpox 

Measles 

Scarlet fever 

Diphtheria 

Typhoid fever 

Syphilis 



Combination of two or more diseases., 



Explosion, nature of not static. . . 
Flving objects (other than in explosions) . 



Accident not detinitelv reported 

Combination of different classes of causes . . . 
Causes indefinitely or inaccurately reported. 

Congenital 

Catarrh 

Strained eves 

Dust in eyes 

Sore eyes 

Sunstroke 

Scrofula 

Inflammatory rheumatism 

Wrong medicine 

Menopause 

All other 

Cause unknown 

Deafness: 



Scarlet fever 

Measles 

Typhoid fever 

Meningitis 

Brain fever 

Hydrocephalus 

Diphtheria 

Abscess in the head 

Pneumonia 

Epilepsy 

Syphilis 

Injury from fall 

Causes indefinitely or inaccurately reported.. 

Congenital 

Catarrh 

Convulsions 

Fever 

Malpractice 

Nervous trouble 

Concussion of the brain 

Eczema 



Cause unknown 

CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO RELATIONSHIP OF PARENTS. 



Parents not first cousins 

Parents first cousins 

Not reporting as to relationship of parents . 



CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO STATUS OF PARENTS AS TO DEFECT. 



Neither parent blind or deaf. 
One parent only blind or deaf.. 



i ather blind 

One parent deaf, the other neither blind nor deaf. 

Father deaf 

Mother deaf 



Both parents deaf but neither blind 

CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO STATUS AS TO BROTHERS AND SISTERS. 

Reporting no brothers or sisters 

Reporting brothers or sisters 

Reporting no blind or deaf brothers or sisters 

Reporting blind or deaf brothers or sisters - 

Reporting blind brothers or sisters but no deaf brothers or 

sisters 

Reporting deaf brothers or sisters but no blind brothers or 

sisters 

Reporting both blind and deaf brothers or sisters 

Not reporting as to vision or hearing of brothers or sisters 

Not reporting as to existence of brothers or sisters 



2D ACCORDING TO STATUS AS 



CHILDREN. 



Reporting no children 

Reporting children 

Reporting no blind or deaf children 

Reporting deaf children but no blind children . 
Not reporting as to existence of children 



i Includes those for whom the age when vision was lost was not reported. » Includes those for whom the age when hearing was lost was not reported. 



APPENDIX. 



SPECIAL SCHEDULE EMPLOYED AT 1920 CENSUS OF THE BLIND, COMPARED 
AS TO INQUIRIES WITH THE 1910 SCHEDULE. 

[For schedules used prior to 1920 see The Blind in the United States, 1910, pp. 319-324.] 



DIVISION OF REVISION AND RESULTS DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

JOSEPH A. HILL, CHIEF STATISTICIAN 

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS 



Stale. 



CENSUS OF THE BLIND: 1920 SAM - L ROGERS, DIRECTOR 

S.D E.D. 

WASHINGTON 



In the census of the United States taken in January of this year you were reported as blind. If that is true, please have some one 
acting in your behalf supply the information called for by the questions on the other side of this sheet. The sheet should then be mailed in 
the inclosed addressed enveloped which requires no postage. 

This inquiry has been authorized by act of Congress because it is believed to be important to know the numl>er of blind people in the 
United States and the facts in regard to them. The information thereby obtained will be used as the basis of a statistical report which will 
be not only of scientific interest but also of great practical value in connection with work which is being carried on or planned in behalf 
of the blind in the United States. It will, for instance, aid in promoting the establishment of institutions for the blind. It will help in 
getting the blind into school or in obtaining for them instruction in reading, and in other connections will directly or indirectly be of service 
to those engaged in work in behalf of the blind. 

You are, therefore, requested to have this schedule of questions promptly filled out and returned to the Bureau of the Census. Your 
name will not be published. The schedules will be kept in the possession of the Government and the information recorded on them will 
be treated as confidential and will be used only for the statistical report or for other purposes in the interests of the blind. 
Respectfully yours, 

JOSEPH A. HILL, 

Chief Statistician. 
[See following page for inquiries.) 

(87) 



88 



THE BLIND IN THE UNITED STATES. 



Note.— The Inquiries on second page of the 1920 schedule (left column below) are compared with corresponding inquiries of tho 1910 schedule i 
right column. Bracketed words and phrases are those which differ in 1910 and 1920. 

SCHEDULE FOR THE BLIND. 

(Enter here name, address, age, birthplace, marital status, and race or color of the blind person.) 



1920 Schedule. 


Corresponding Questions of 1910 Schedule. 


Name 




Age Birthplace 

Marital status: Whether single, married, a widower, or divorced 

Race or color: Whether White, Negro, Indian, Chinese, or Japanese 


(These six items were not on the 1910 schedule, but each was transcribed on face 
of schedules and corrections asked for.) 














(Write "one" or "both.") 
































(State age exactly if known; if not, state it as nearly as you can.) 
































14. Has he ever had any brothers or sisters? 


14. Same. 














18. Has he ever had any children? 


18. Same. 


19. If so, how many [boys]? 










21. If so, how many [boys?] 


21. If so, how many? 



[How many girls]?. 



Has [the blind person ever] attended a special school or workshop for the blind? 

If [so, give the name of this school or workshop] 

Has [he ever! attended any other school or sch 
teacher at tiome .? 

[If so,] draw a line under the words describing such school or schools [or home 
instruction]: Common School: High School: Academv: College: Private School: 
Instructed at home [by private tutor; Home teacher for the blind; Other special 
teacher']. 



23. If [he attends, or has attended such a special school or workshop for the blind, 

give its name] 

24. Has [this person] attended, [ or does he now attend] any other school or schools? 

25. Draw a line under the word describing such [other] school or schools: Common 

School; High School; Academy; College; Private School: Instructed at Home. 



Does he read a raised type? 

If he reads a raised type, which does he use?. 



26. Same 



Is he now engaged in any occupation?. 

If so, give the occupation 

Does this occupation support him? 

Is he dependent on fit] for a living? 

About what does he earn in a year? — 



his occupation before he became 



Does he receive state or county aid?. 



29. Same. 

30. Same. 

31. Is he dependent on [this] for a living?. 

32. Same. 



(New question, 1920.) 



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